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العلوم الإنسانية في اختبار SAT - العلوم الاجتماعية

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بالعلوم الاجتماعية، مثل "أقلية"، "أبوي"، "تعداد"، إلخ. التي ستحتاجها لاجتياز اختبارات SAT الخاصة بك.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[اسم]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

فصل, أبارتايد

فصل, أبارتايد

Ex: Segregation in schools was common in the southern United States. 
discrimination

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

تمييز, فصل

تمييز, فصل

Ex: The company faced a lawsuit for discrimination against female employees. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[اسم]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

العرق

العرق

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
minority
minority
[اسم]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

أقلية

أقلية

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
activism
activism
[اسم]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

النشاطية, النضال

النشاطية, النضال

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
agency
agency
[اسم]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

وكالة, القدرة على التصرف

وكالة, القدرة على التصرف

Ex: In literature, characters with agency drive the plot forward through their actions and decisions. 
clan
clan
[اسم]

a large group of people who are related to each other

عشيرة, عائلة كبيرة

عشيرة, عائلة كبيرة

Ex: The entire clan gathered for the annual family reunion, filling the park with laughter and shared memories. 
chiefdom
chiefdom
[اسم]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

المشيخة, نظام الزعامة

المشيخة, نظام الزعامة

Ex: In a chiefdom, the chief often inherits their position and wields considerable influence over the tribe's decision-making processes. 
collective
collective
[اسم]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

جماعي

جماعي

Ex: The collective of artists collaborated to create a mural that reflected the diversity and unity within their community. 
demographic
demographic
[اسم]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

ديموغرافي, الخصائص الديموغرافية

ديموغرافي, الخصائص الديموغرافية

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
urbanization
urbanization
[اسم]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

التوسع الحضري, التحضر

التوسع الحضري, التحضر

Ex: Rapid urbanization has changed many small towns. 
civilization
civilization
[اسم]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

حضارة, مجتمع

حضارة, مجتمع

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[اسم]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

البيروقراطية, الهيكل الإداري

البيروقراطية, الهيكل الإداري

Ex: Bureaucracy in healthcare administration can sometimes hinder patient care due to lengthy approval procedures. 
socialization

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

التنشئة الاجتماعية, التكامل الاجتماعي

التنشئة الاجتماعية, التكامل الاجتماعي

Ex: Early childhood socialization plays a crucial role in shaping a person's personality and social skills. 
civil right
civil right
[اسم]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

حق مدني, حرية أساسية

حق مدني, حرية أساسية

Ex: Protecting civil rights ensures that every citizen has the opportunity to participate fully in society and enjoy equal access to employment, housing, and public services. 
status quo
status quo
[اسم]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

الوضع الراهن, الوضع الحالي للأمور

الوضع الراهن, الوضع الحالي للأمور

Ex: The committee decided to maintain the status quo rather than implementing new changes. 
industrialization

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

التصنيع, التنمية الصناعية

التصنيع, التنمية الصناعية

Ex: The Industrial Revolution marked a period of profound industrialization, introducing mechanized production methods. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[اسم]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

الأرستقراطية, النبلاء

الأرستقراطية, النبلاء

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
royalty
royalty
[اسم]

kings and queens and any member of their families

العائلة المالكة, الملوك

العائلة المالكة, الملوك

Ex: She admired the intricate crowns and jewelry worn by the royalty in historical portraits. 
metropolis
metropolis
[اسم]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

مدينة كبيرة, عاصمة

مدينة كبيرة, عاصمة

infrastructure

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

البنية التحتية, البنى التحتية

البنية التحتية, البنى التحتية

Ex: The government invested billions in rebuilding the nation's aging infrastructure. 
legitimacy
legitimacy
[اسم]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

الشرعية, الصحة

الشرعية, الصحة

Ex: Historians debate the legitimacy of the treaty that ended the war. 
theory of mind

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

نظرية العقل, فهم العقل

نظرية العقل, فهم العقل

Ex: Researchers use various tasks, such as the "Sally-Anne test," to assess theory of mind in both children and adults. 
civil disobedience

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

العصيان المدني, المقاومة السلمية

العصيان المدني, المقاومة السلمية

Ex: Mahatma Gandhi employed civil disobedience as a strategy to challenge British colonial rule in India. 
nonconformity

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

عدم المطابقة

عدم المطابقة

Ex: His nonconformity to traditional gender roles made him a pioneer in advocating for gender equality. 
outcast
outcast
[اسم]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

منبوذ, مطرود

منبوذ, مطرود

Ex: After the scandal, she felt like an outcast among her former friends. 
refugee
refugee
[اسم]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

لاجئ, نازح

لاجئ, نازح

Ex: The refugee camp provided shelter and basic necessities to displaced families. 
commune
commune
[اسم]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

بلدية

بلدية

Ex: The mayor of the commune held a town hall meeting to discuss the new public transportation plans. 
outskirts
outskirts
[اسم]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

ضواحي, أطراف المدينة

ضواحي, أطراف المدينة

Ex: Many families choose to live on the outskirts of the city to enjoy a quieter lifestyle while still having access to urban amenities. 
rat race
rat race
[اسم]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

سباق مرهق, دوامة المنافسة

سباق مرهق, دوامة المنافسة

Ex: He left the rat race and moved to a small town by the sea. 
parish
parish
[اسم]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

أبرشية, رعية

أبرشية, رعية

Ex: The parish is known for its strong sense of community and active involvement in local charities. 
caste
caste
[اسم]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

طبقة, نظام الطبقات

طبقة, نظام الطبقات

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
echelon
echelon
[اسم]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

مستوى, رتبة

مستوى, رتبة

Ex: She worked hard for years to reach the upper echelons of the corporate world. 
station
station
[اسم]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

رتبة, الوضع الاجتماعي

رتبة, الوضع الاجتماعي

Ex: Despite his humble station in life, he was respected for his integrity and hard work. 
classist
classist
[صفة]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

طائفي, تمييزي على أساس الطبقة الاجتماعية

طائفي, تمييزي على أساس الطبقة الاجتماعية

Ex: The company's hiring practices were criticized as classist because they favored candidates from elite universities. 
humble
humble
[صفة]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

متواضع, خجول

متواضع, خجول

Ex: Despite his humble beginnings, he rose to become a respected leader in the community. 
socioeconomic

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

اجتماعي اقتصادي, اقتصادي اجتماعي

اجتماعي اقتصادي, اقتصادي اجتماعي

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 
patriarchal
patriarchal
[صفة]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

بطريركي, أبوي

بطريركي, أبوي

Ex: The patriarchal society limited opportunities for women to participate in decision-making. 
indigenous
indigenous
[صفة]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

أصلي,  محلي

أصلي, محلي

Ex: The government implemented policies to protect the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples living in remote areas. 
humanitarian
humanitarian
[صفة]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

إنساني, خيري

إنساني, خيري

Ex: She is known for her humanitarian work in disaster zones. 
cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[صفة]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

عالمي

عالمي

Ex: The city’s cosmopolitan atmosphere made it a melting pot of diverse cultures. 
utopian
utopian
[صفة]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

يوتوبي, مثالي

يوتوبي, مثالي

Ex: In his novel, Thomas More envisioned a utopian society based on principles of equality and common property. 
progressive
progressive
[صفة]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

تقدمي, متطور

تقدمي, متطور

Ex: The new mayor implemented progressive policies aimed at reducing inequality and improving public services. 
militant
militant
[صفة]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

مقاتل, عنيف

مقاتل, عنيف

Ex: She was known for her militant stance on animal rights, often participating in protests and direct actions. 
suburban
suburban
[صفة]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

ضاحوي, خارج المدينة

ضاحوي, خارج المدينة

Ex: The suburban neighborhood was known for its quiet streets and spacious homes. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

تجاهل, تهميش

تجاهل, تهميش

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
to census
to census
[فعل]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

يُجري تعدادًا سكانيًا, يقوم بإحصاء السكان

يُجري تعدادًا سكانيًا, يقوم بإحصاء السكان

Ex: The government censuses the population every ten years to gather vital demographic information. 
to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

استيعاب, دمج

استيعاب, دمج

Ex: Immigrants often face challenges as they try to assimilate into a new society while preserving their cultural identity. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

إعادة تأهيل, إصلاح

إعادة تأهيل, إصلاح

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 
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