the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

隔离
the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

歧视, 隔离
the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

种族
a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

少数群体
the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

行动主义, 抗争
the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

机构, 行动力
a large group of people who are related to each other

氏族, 大家庭
a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

酋长制, 首领制度
a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

集体
the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口统计的, 人口统计特征
the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

城市化, 都市化
a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

文明, 社会
an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

官僚主义, 行政机构
the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

社会化, 社会融合
any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

公民权利, 基本自由
the situation or condition that is currently at hand

现状, 当前的事态
the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

工业化, 工业发展
people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

贵族, 贵族阶级
kings and queens and any member of their families

王室, 皇室
a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

大都市, 大城市
the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

基础设施, 基础设施群
the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

合法性, 有效性
the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

心智理论, 心智理解
the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

公民不服从, 非暴力抵抗
the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

不遵从
a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

被排斥者, 弃儿
a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

难民, 流离失所者
a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

公社
the outer areas or parts of a city or town

郊区, 市郊
a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

老鼠赛跑, 激烈竞争的生活
an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

教区, 堂区
a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

种姓, 种姓制度
a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

等级, 阶层
a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

等级, 社会地位
marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

阶级歧视的, 基于社会阶级的歧视
having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

谦逊的, 卑微的
referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

社会经济的, 社会经济
relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

父权的, 家长式的
relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

原生的, 土著的
involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

人道主义的
including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

国际化的
referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

乌托邦的, 理想主义的
advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

进步的, 先进的
displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

好战的, 战斗的
characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

郊区的, 城郊的
to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

边缘化, 忽视
to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

进行人口普查, 实施人口调查
to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

同化, 融入
to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

康复, 恢复
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