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Khoa Học Xã Hội và Nhân Văn SAT - Khoa học Xã hội

Tại đây, bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến khoa học xã hội, chẳng hạn như "minority", "patriarchal", "census", v.v. mà bạn sẽ cần để đạt điểm cao trong kỳ thi SAT của mình.

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Bắt đầu học
SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
[Danh từ]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

sự phân biệt, sự phân chia

sự phân biệt, sự phân chia

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.
discrimination
[Danh từ]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

phân biệt đối xử, sự phân biệt

phân biệt đối xử, sự phân biệt

Ex: She spoke out discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .
ethnicity
[Danh từ]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

dân tộc, tộc người

dân tộc, tộc người

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .
minority
[Danh từ]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

thiểu số, nhóm thiểu số

thiểu số, nhóm thiểu số

Ex: He is researching the history minority communities in the area .
activism
[Danh từ]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

hoạt động xã hội, tích cực xã hội

hoạt động xã hội, tích cực xã hội

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
agency
[Danh từ]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

quyền hành động, tính chủ động

quyền hành động, tính chủ động

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .
clan
[Danh từ]

a large group of people who are related to each other

thị tộc, bang hội

thị tộc, bang hội

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of clan from all over the country .
chiefdom
[Danh từ]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

vương quốc, chế độ quân chủ

vương quốc, chế độ quân chủ

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.
collective
[Danh từ]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

tập thể, hợp tác xã

tập thể, hợp tác xã

Ex: The labor union acted as collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .
demographic
[Danh từ]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

nhóm nhân khẩu, dân số học

nhóm nhân khẩu, dân số học

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a demographic.
urbanization
[Danh từ]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

đô thị hóa, quá trình đô thị hóa

đô thị hóa, quá trình đô thị hóa

Ex: The book discusses the history urbanization.
civilization
[Danh từ]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

nền văn minh, văn minh

nền văn minh, văn minh

Ex: The rise civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .
bureaucracy
[Danh từ]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

quan li hành chính, cơ cấu tổ chức hành chính

quan li hành chính, cơ cấu tổ chức hành chính

Ex: The bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .
socialization
[Danh từ]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

xã hội hóa, quá trình xã hội hóa

xã hội hóa, quá trình xã hội hóa

Ex: socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .
civil right
[Danh từ]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

quyền công dân, quyền dân sự

quyền công dân, quyền dân sự

Ex: The right to vote is an civil right in many democracies .
status quo
[Danh từ]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

tình trạng hiện tại, thực trạng

tình trạng hiện tại, thực trạng

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve status quo in terms of employee benefits .

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

công nghiệp hóa, sự công nghiệp hóa

công nghiệp hóa, sự công nghiệp hóa

Ex: Urbanization often industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .
aristocracy
[Danh từ]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

quý tộc, tầng lớp quý tộc

quý tộc, tầng lớp quý tộc

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
royalty
[Danh từ]

kings and queens and any member of their families

vương quyền, hoàng gia

vương quyền, hoàng gia

Ex: The film depicted the life royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .
metropolis
[Danh từ]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

thành phố lớn, đô thị

thành phố lớn, đô thị

infrastructure
[Danh từ]

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

hạ tầng, cơ sở hạ tầng

hạ tầng, cơ sở hạ tầng

Ex: The earthquake damaged infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .
legitimacy
[Danh từ]

the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable

tính hợp pháp, tính chính đáng

tính hợp pháp, tính chính đáng

Ex: International law provides a framework for determining legitimacy of military interventions .
theory of mind
[Danh từ]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

lý thuyết về tâm trí, khái niệm về tâm trí

lý thuyết về tâm trí, khái niệm về tâm trí

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

sự bất tuân dân sự, kháng cự bất bạo động

sự bất tuân dân sự, kháng cự bất bạo động

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .
nonconformity
[Danh từ]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

tính không tuân thủ, sự không conform

tính không tuân thủ, sự không conform

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .
outcast
[Danh từ]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

người bị khai trừ, người bị xa lánh

người bị khai trừ, người bị xa lánh

Ex: outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .
refugee
[Danh từ]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

người tị nạn, người di cư cư trú tạm

người tị nạn, người di cư cư trú tạm

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .
commune
[Danh từ]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

địa phương, chính quyền địa phương

địa phương, chính quyền địa phương

Ex: Residents of commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .
outskirts
[Danh từ]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

vùng ngoại ô, ngoại thành

vùng ngoại ô, ngoại thành

Ex: Commuting from outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .
rat race
[Danh từ]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

cuộc sống đua tranh, cuộc đua sinh tồn

cuộc sống đua tranh, cuộc đua sinh tồn

Ex: She has been stuck in rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .
parish
[Danh từ]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

giáo xứ, giáo hội

giáo xứ, giáo hội

Ex: parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .
caste
[Danh từ]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

giai cấp, caste

giai cấp, caste

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.
echelon
[Danh từ]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

cấp bậc, tầng lớp

cấp bậc, tầng lớp

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .
station
[Danh từ]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

cương vị, địa vị

cương vị, địa vị

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his station and achieve his dreams .
classist
[Tính từ]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

giai cấp, phân biệt giai cấp

giai cấp, phân biệt giai cấp

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.
humble
[Tính từ]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

khiêm tốn, nhỏ bé

khiêm tốn, nhỏ bé

Ex: Growing up in humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .
socioeconomic
[Tính từ]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

xã hội-kinh tế, kinh tế-xã hội

xã hội-kinh tế, kinh tế-xã hội

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .
patriarchal
[Tính từ]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

gia trưởng, truyền thống gia trưởng

gia trưởng, truyền thống gia trưởng

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .
indigenous
[Tính từ]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

bản địa, thuộc về người bản địa

bản địa, thuộc về người bản địa

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.
humanitarian
[Tính từ]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

nhân đạo, thuộc về nhân đạo

nhân đạo, thuộc về nhân đạo

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .
cosmopolitan
[Tính từ]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

thế giới, đa văn hóa

thế giới, đa văn hóa

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.
utopian
[Tính từ]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

tương lai lý tưởng, hoàn hảo

tương lai lý tưởng, hoàn hảo

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .
progressive
[Tính từ]

advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

tiến bộ, cấp tiến

tiến bộ, cấp tiến

Ex: progressive movement gained momentum as more people demanded changes to outdated laws and systems .
militant
[Tính từ]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

hiếu chiến, cực đoan

hiếu chiến, cực đoan

Ex: militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .
suburban
[Tính từ]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

ngoại ô, thành phố vệ tinh

ngoại ô, thành phố vệ tinh

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .
to marginalize
[Động từ]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

gạt bỏ, hạ bậc

gạt bỏ, hạ bậc

Ex: marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .
to census
[Động từ]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

điều tra dân số, thống kê dân số

điều tra dân số, thống kê dân số

Ex: By the time they censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .
to assimilate
[Động từ]

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

hòa nhập, tiếp thu

hòa nhập, tiếp thu

Ex: The tourist tried assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .
to rehabilitate
[Động từ]

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

tái hòa nhập, hồi phục

tái hòa nhập, hồi phục

Ex: The program rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .
Khoa Học Xã Hội và Nhân Văn SAT
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