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決定、提案、義務 - 決定と決議

ここでは、「アピール」、「デフォルトで」、「絶対的」など、決定と決議に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Decision, Suggestion, and Obligation
absolute
absolute
[形容詞]

(of a decision or decree) final and unlikely to change

絶対的な, 最終的な

絶対的な, 最終的な

Ex: The court's decision was absolute, leaving no room for appeal. 
accountability

the obligation to take responsibility for one's actions or decisions and to explain or justify them when required

説明責任,  アカウンタビリティ

説明責任, アカウンタビリティ

Ex: Greater accountability is needed in the management of public funds. 
accountable
accountable
[形容詞]

responsible for one's actions and prepared to explain them

責任がある, 説明責任を負う

責任がある, 説明責任を負う

Ex: As a public official, she is accountable to the citizens for her decisions. 

公務員として、彼女は自分の決定に対して市民に責任を負います。

acquittal
acquittal
[名詞]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

無罪判決, 放免

無罪判決, 放免

Ex: The defendant was relieved to receive an acquittal after a lengthy trial, as the jury found them not guilty of all charges. 

被告人は、長い裁判の末に無罪判決を受け安堵した、陪審員がすべての罪状について無罪としたため。

to adjudge
to adjudge
[動詞]

to declare something true or to be the case according to facts

宣言する, 判断する

宣言する, 判断する

to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

裁定する, 審判する

裁定する, 審判する

Ex: The judge will adjudicate the case and determine the appropriate legal resolution. 

裁判官は事件を裁定し、適切な法的解決を決定します。

adjudication
adjudication
[名詞]

the act or process of making a formal decision about who is right in an argument or dispute

裁定, 決定

裁定, 決定

adjudicator
adjudicator
[名詞]

someone who makes a formal decision about who is right in an argument or dispute

審判者, 裁定者

審判者, 裁定者

Ex: The adjudicator carefully reviewed the evidence before making a final ruling. 

審判員は最終判決を下す前に証拠を注意深く検討した。

adoption
adoption
[名詞]

the act or process of choosing and beginning to use a plan, method, system, name, or idea

採用,  導入

採用, 導入

Ex: The adoption of digital payments has increased rapidly. 
alternative
alternative
[名詞]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

代替案,  選択肢

代替案, 選択肢

Ex: The company is exploring alternatives to traditional marketing strategies. 
alternatively

as a second choice or another possibility

代替的に, 別の選択肢として

代替的に, 別の選択肢として

Ex: If you prefer not to drive, you can alternatively take the train to the city. 
appeal
appeal
[名詞]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

控訴

控訴

Ex: The appeal process can take several months. 
to appeal
to appeal
[動詞]

to make a formal request to change a decision that has been made by an authority such as a judge

上訴する, 抗告する

上訴する, 抗告する

Ex: The plaintiff decided to appeal when the trial court ruled against their motion for summary judgment. 
appellant
appellant
[名詞]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

上訴人, 控訴人

上訴人, 控訴人

Ex: The appellant filed an appeal after losing the trial. 

控訴人は裁判に負けた後、控訴を申し立てた。

appellate court

a special court that people can appeal against the decisions of lower courts

控訴裁判所, 上訴裁判所

控訴裁判所, 上訴裁判所

avenue
avenue
[名詞]

a possible method or course of action for achieving something or dealing with a problem

道,  手段

道, 手段

Ex: The researchers are exploring new avenues for treating the disease. 
award
award
[名詞]

a sum of money or other compensation granted by a court as the result of a legal judgment

賠償金, 補償

賠償金, 補償

Ex: The company challenged the arbitration award in court. 
to award
to award
[動詞]

to give or order the giving of something, such as payment, compensation, or a contract, based on judgment, merit, or entitlement

授与する, 決定する

授与する, 決定する

Ex: The tender was awarded to the lowest bidder. 
(as|) broad as it is long

used for saying that choosing out of the two possible options is not really going to make a difference as the result will be the same either way

どちらでも同じ, 結局同じこと

どちらでも同じ, 結局同じこと

Ex: Whether we drive or take the train is as broad as it is long; we will arrive at the same time. 

車で行っても電車で行っても同じだ。同じ時間に着く。

to bag
to bag
[動詞]

to make a decision to postpone something or to give up doing it

諦める, 延期する

諦める, 延期する

Ex: The team had high hopes for the new product, but they had to bag it when market research revealed low demand. 
beggars cannot be choosers

used to suggest that in a state of desperation, one must accept whatever is available, rather than being selective or demanding

困った状況では手に入るものを受け入れるしかない

困った状況では手に入るものを受け入れるしかない

Ex: The unemployed man was offered a job that was not ideal, but he accepted it because beggars can't be choosers. 
between the devil and the deep blue sea

in a situation where both choices lead to an undesirable outcome

二つの悪い選択肢の間で, どちらも選びたくない

二つの悪い選択肢の間で, どちらも選びたくない

Ex: She was between the devil and the deep blue sea: tell the truth and lose her job, or stay quiet and protect a lie. 

彼女は二つの悪い選択肢の間で板挟みだった。本当のことを言って仕事を失うか、黙って嘘を守るか。

to [be] {one's} own (master|mistress)

‌to do what one pleases, free of control and interference of others

自分の主人でいる, 自分で決める

自分の主人でいる, 自分で決める

Ex: After years of working under strict managers, she finally became her own mistress. 

厳しい上司の下で何年も働いた後、彼女はようやく自分の思いどおりに動けるようになった。

blind test
blind test
[名詞]

a way of making a decision about a product's popularity or distinguishing features by trying different products, usually without knowing their name in order to state ones opinions or preferences

ブラインドテスト, 盲目試験

ブラインドテスト, 盲目試験

by default

to be won a competition because there was no opposition

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