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決定、提案、義務 - 決定の決定

ここでは、「オプション」、「絞り込む」、「選ぶ」など、意思決定に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Decision, Suggestion, and Obligation
joint resolution

(in the US) an official statement or decision that has been approved by both houses of the US Congress

共同決議, 共同声明

共同決議, 共同声明

judge
judge
[名詞]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

裁判官, 判事

裁判官, 判事

Ex: The judge listened to both sides of the case before making a ruling. 

裁判官は判決を下す前に事件の両側の話を聞いた。

judgment
judgment
[名詞]

the process of evaluating, assessing, or deciding about a person, situation, or event

判断, 評価

判断, 評価

Ex: His judgment of the candidates was careful and deliberate. 

候補者に対する彼の判断は慎重で意図的なものでした。

judgment call

‌a decision that is solely based on one's own judgment or instinct rather than any clear principle or rule

主観的な判断、判断の呼びかけ

主観的な判断、判断の呼びかけ

judicial review

(in the UK) the process in which a court of law can examine an action or decision made by a public body or government department

司法審査, 裁判所の審査

司法審査, 裁判所の審査

jurisdiction
jurisdiction
[名詞]

the power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements

管轄, 裁判権

管轄, 裁判権

Ex: The court ruled that the case fell under federal jurisdiction due to its interstate nature. 

裁判所は、その州間の性質により、事件が連邦管轄権に該当すると判決を下した。

jurisdictional
jurisdictional
[形容詞]

relating to an official organization, mainly the court's power and authority to bind the parties to the action

管轄の

管轄の

to [keep|leave] {one's} options open

to not make a decision so that one still has choices in the future

Ex: But I'm a guy who prefers to leave his options open. 
majority verdict

(law) a decision supported or made by a jury that most of the people, but not all agree with

多数決評決, 多数決決定

多数決評決, 多数決決定

Ex: The jury reached a majority verdict after hours of deliberation. 

陪審員は数時間の審議の後、多数決評決に達しました。

to [make] allowances for {sb/sth}

to consider something when doing calculations or making a plan

miscarriage of justice

(law) a situation in which a court wrongly punishes someone

司法の誤り, 司法的不正

司法の誤り, 司法的不正

to nail down
to nail down
[動詞]

to finally come to an agreement or decision

決定する, 合意に達する

決定する, 合意に達する

Ex: After weeks of discussions, the team managed to nail down the details of the project plan. 

数週間の議論の末、チームはプロジェクト計画の詳細を確定させることができた。

to narrow down

to decrease the number of possibilities or choices

絞り込む, 減らす

絞り込む, 減らす

Ex: The team is currently narrowing down the design concepts for the new product. 

チームは現在、新製品のデザインコンセプトを絞り込んでいます。

negotiable
negotiable
[形容詞]

able to be changed to discussed in order for an agreement to be reached

交渉可能な, 議論の余地がある

交渉可能な, 議論の余地がある

Ex: The price of the car is negotiable if you make a reasonable offer. 

車の価格は、合理的なオファーをすれば交渉可能です。

no-brainer
no-brainer
[名詞]

something such as a decision or question that requires minimal or no mental effort to be made or answered

明白なこと, 簡単なこと

明白なこと, 簡単なこと

Ex: Investing in a diversified index fund is a no-brainer strategy for long-term growth. 

多様化されたインデックスファンドへの投資は、長期的な成長のための当然の戦略です。

of one's own free will

in a way that demonstrates one's capability and independence in decision-making free of any influence or circumstance

on second thoughts

used to state that one has adopted a different opinion after rethinking or reconsidering something

Ex: I was planning to buy the expensive car, but on second thoughts, I realized it would be more practical to save money and get a used one. 
on the horns of a dilemma

‌in a situation that forces one to choose between two alternatives that both have equally undesirable outcomes

つらい二択を迫られている, どちらも悪い

つらい二択を迫られている, どちらも悪い

Ex: The judge was on the horns of a dilemma: release a dangerous suspect or violate the law. 

裁判官はつらい二択を迫られていた。危険な容疑者を釈放するか、法律を破るか。

open verdict
open verdict
[名詞]

(in the UK) a legal decision that declares the cause of someone's death IS unknown

オープンな評決, 未確定の決定

オープンな評決, 未確定の決定

option
option
[名詞]

something that can or may be chosen from a number of alternatives

オプション,  選択肢

オプション, 選択肢

Ex: You have the option to choose between different colors for your new car. 

あなたは新しい車の色をさまざまな色の中から選ぶオプションがあります。

to override
to override
[動詞]

to change or reject someone's decision, especially by using one's authority

無効にする, 上書きする

無効にする, 上書きする

to overrule
to overrule
[動詞]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

覆す, 却下する

覆す, 却下する

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 

控訴裁判所は、下級裁判所の決定を覆し、新しい裁判を許可することを決定しました。

to overturn
to overturn
[動詞]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

覆す, 破棄する

覆す, 破棄する

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to overturn the lower court's ruling, citing a procedural error. 

最高裁判所は、手続き上の誤りを理由に下級裁判所の判決を覆すことを決定しました。

to pick
to pick
[動詞]

to choose someone or something out of a group of people or things

選ぶ, 選択する

選ぶ, 選択する

Ex: She carefully picked a ripe apple from the tree. 

彼女は木から熟したリンゴを注意深く選びました

to [pick] and [choose]

‌to choose the most desirable alternative out of the ones available

好きなものだけ選ぶ, えり好みする

好きなものだけ選ぶ, えり好みする

Ex: You cannot pick and choose which rules to follow. 

どのルールに従うかを好き勝手に選ぶことはできない。

to pick a winner

to excel in making decisions that ultimately lead to one's success

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