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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 提案とルール

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「相談する」「促す」「期限が来た」など、提案や規則に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
counseling
counseling
[名詞]

professional guidance and support given to someone dealing with personal, emotional, or psychological difficulties

心理カウンセリング

心理カウンセリング

Ex: Sarah received counseling after the sudden loss of her father. 
consultant
consultant
[名詞]

someone who gives professional advice on a given subject

コンサルタント,  アドバイザー

コンサルタント, アドバイザー

Ex: With her background in finance, Sarah became a sought-after consultant, assisting clients with investment strategies and financial planning tailored to their goals. 
to consult
to consult
[動詞]

to ask someone for information, advice, or an opinion before making a decision or taking action

Ex: Laura consulted her doctor before changing her diet. 
proposal
proposal
[名詞]

something suggested or put forward for consideration, such as an idea, plan, or assumption

提案, アイデア

提案, アイデア

Ex: His proposal to change the schedule caused debate. 
proposition
proposition
[名詞]

a proposal, offer, or suggestion presented for consideration, especially in business

提案,  申し出

提案, 申し出

Ex: The investor made Sarah an attractive business proposition. 
to challenge
to challenge
[動詞]

to invite someone to compete or strongly suggest they should do something, often to test their abilities or encourage action

挑戦する, 競争に誘う

挑戦する, 競争に誘う

Ex: The manager is challenging the employees to come up with innovative ideas. 
to put forward

to present an idea, suggestion, etc. to be discussed

提出する, 提案する

提出する, 提案する

Ex: The committee put forward new guidelines for remote work. 
to act on
to act on
[動詞]

to adjust one's actions or behavior based on specific information, ideas, or advice

に基づいて行動する, 特定の情報、アイデア、またはアドバイスに基づいて行動や振る舞いを調整する

に基づいて行動する, 特定の情報、アイデア、またはアドバイスに基づいて行動や振る舞いを調整する

Ex: He chose to act on the financial advisor's recommendations to save for retirement. 
to urge
to urge
[動詞]

to strongly recommend something

強く勧める, 強く推奨する

強く勧める, 強く推奨する

Ex: The mentor urged perseverance in pursuing personal and professional goals despite setbacks. 
alternatively

as a second choice or another possibility

代替的に, 別の選択肢として

代替的に, 別の選択肢として

Ex: If you prefer not to drive, you can alternatively take the train to the city. 
feedback
feedback
[名詞]

information, opinions, or criticism about someone's work, performance, or a product that can be used to evaluate or improve it

Ex: Sarah asked her manager for feedback on her presentation. 
guidance
guidance
[名詞]

help and advice about how to solve a problem, given by someone who is knowledgeable and experienced

指導,  助言

指導, 助言

Ex: The spiritual leader offered guidance to members of the community, providing wisdom and support during times of crisis. 
to hint
to hint
[動詞]

to suggest or communicate something indirectly rather than state it clearly

Ex: Sarah hinted that she might leave the company soon. 
to mentor
to mentor
[動詞]

to act as the supervisor or teacher of someone less experienced

指導する, メンターとして助言する

指導する, メンターとして助言する

Ex: The veteran musician offered to mentor the talented young singer, sharing knowledge about the music industry and performance techniques. 

ベテランのミュージシャンは、才能ある若い歌手に音楽業界やパフォーマンス技術についての知識を共有し、指導することを申し出た。

to preach
to preach
[動詞]

to give advice to people about what they should or should not do in a way that might annoy or bore them

説教する, 訓戒する

説教する, 訓戒する

Ex: He tended to preach about the importance of healthy eating and exercise, often lecturing his friends and family during gatherings. 
due
due
[形容詞]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

支払期日が来ている, 期限が来ている

Ex: The rent is due on the first of every month. 

家賃は毎月1日が支払期日です。

to permit
to permit
[動詞]

to allow something or someone to do something

許可する, 許す

許可する, 許す

Ex: The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam. 
obligation
obligation
[名詞]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

義務, 責務

義務, 責務

Ex: Signing the lease created a legal obligation for them to pay rent on time each month. 
forbidden
forbidden
[形容詞]

not permitted to be done

禁止された, 禁じられた

禁止された, 禁じられた

Ex: Smoking is forbidden in this area to maintain clean air quality. 

清潔な空気の質を維持するために、この地域での喫煙は禁止されています。

compulsory
compulsory
[形容詞]

forced to be done by law or authority

義務的な, 強制的な

義務的な, 強制的な

Ex: Attendance at the safety training session is compulsory for all employees. 

安全トレーニングセッションへの出席は、すべての従業員に義務付けられています。

to [be|feel] obliged {to do sth}

to have a moral duty or be forced to do a particular thing, often due to legal reasons

Ex: After receiving such generous help from her neighbor, she felt obliged to return the favor by watching their pets while they were away. 
to impose
to impose
[動詞]

to force someone to do what they do not want

課す, 強制する

課す, 強制する

Ex: The boss decided to impose a deadline, putting pressure on the team to complete the project quickly. 
guideline
guideline
[名詞]

a principle, recommendation, or instruction that helps determine how something should be done

ガイドライン,  指針

ガイドライン, 指針

Ex: The company issued new guidelines for working from home. 
regulation
regulation
[名詞]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

規制, 規制

規制, 規制

Ex: The airline industry is subject to strict regulations regarding passenger safety and security. 
requirement
requirement
[名詞]

an activity or action that must be performed

要件, 義務

要件, 義務

Ex: Attendance at the seminar is a requirement. 
restriction
restriction
[名詞]

a rule or law that limits what one can do or the thing that can happen

制限, 規制

制限, 規制

Ex: The school's restriction on the use of mobile phones during class hours aimed to minimize distractions. 
prohibition
prohibition
[名詞]

an official rule or law that forbids something

禁止, 禁制

禁止, 禁制

Ex: Smoking in public buildings is under prohibition. 

公共の建物での喫煙は禁止されています。

to prohibit
to prohibit
[動詞]

to formally forbid something from being done, particularly by law

禁止する, 禁ずる

禁止する, 禁ずる

Ex: The city council passed a law to prohibit the use of fireworks within city limits. 

市議会は市内での花火の使用を禁止する法律を可決しました。

to observe
to observe
[動詞]

to comply with laws or regulations

守る, 観察する

守る, 観察する

Ex: The school strictly observes anti-bullying policies to create a safe and inclusive learning environment for students. 
strictness
strictness
[名詞]

the quality or characteristic of being uncompromising in enforcing rules, regulations, or standards

厳格さ, 厳しさ

厳格さ, 厳しさ

Ex: The teacher's strictness ensured that all students followed classroom rules. 

教師の厳しさにより、すべての生徒が教室の規則に従うことが保証されました。

necessity
necessity
[名詞]

the fact or condition of being required or unavoidable

必要性,  必然性

必要性, 必然性

Ex: The report emphasizes the necessity of reducing water waste. 
commitment
commitment
[名詞]

the state of being dedicated to someone or something

コミットメント, 献身

コミットメント, 献身

Ex: The organization demonstrated its commitment to environmental sustainability by reducing its carbon footprint. 
compliance
compliance
[名詞]

the act or practice of obeying a rule, law, request, or requirement

遵守,  コンプライアンス

遵守, コンプライアンス

Ex: The company conducts regular audits to ensure compliance with safety regulations. 
to violate
to violate
[動詞]

to disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

Ex: The company faced legal consequences for violating environmental regulations. 

その会社は環境規制を違反したため法的な結果に直面した。

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