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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Art

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre artă, cum ar fi "sumbru", "rococo", "formalism" etc., necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
concrete
[adjectiv]

real and tangible, existing in physical form that can be sensed or experienced

concret, real

concret, real

Ex: The architect sketched out plans for the concrete structure , outlining every detail .Arhitectul a schițat planuri pentru structura **concretă**, conturând fiecare detaliu.
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figurative
[adjectiv]

representing people, animals and objects and forms as they appear in the real world

figurativ, reprezentativ

figurativ, reprezentativ

Ex: Figurative art often tells a story through realistic imagery .Arta **figurativă** spune adesea o poveste prin imagini realiste.
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monochrome
[adjectiv]

(of a picture or photograph) containing or portraying images in black and white or different shades of a single color only

monocrom, alb-negru

monocrom, alb-negru

Ex: The monochrome design of the website used only blue tones to maintain a cohesive look.Designul **monocrom** al site-ului web a folosit doar tonuri de albastru pentru a menține o aspect coerent.
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lowbrow
[adjectiv]

intended for those who have little knowledge about culture and serious art

puțin intelectual,  vulgar

puțin intelectual, vulgar

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somber
[adjectiv]

dark and gloomy in color, especially gray or black

sumbru, întunecat

sumbru, întunecat

Ex: The somber color scheme of the room created a solemn ambiance .Paleta de culori **sumbră** a camerei a creat o ambianță solemnă.
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sublime
[adjectiv]

having exceptional beauty or excellence

sublim, magnific

sublim, magnific

Ex: The sublime tranquility of the forest was a welcome escape from the hustle and bustle of city life .Liniștea **sublimă** a pădurii a fost o evadare binevenită din agitația vieții urbane.
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Baroque
[substantiv]

an ornate and grand style of art, music, and architecture present in the 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe

baroc, stil baroc

baroc, stil baroc

Ex: The Baroque period was a time of great artistic innovation and cultural achievement, leaving a lasting legacy of grandeur and opulence in European art, music, and architecture.Perioada **barocă** a fost o perioadă de mare inovație artistică și realizare culturală, lăsând o moștenire durabilă de măreție și opulență în arta, muzica și arhitectura europeană.
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Rococo
[substantiv]

an elaborate and heavily decorated style of art, architecture, and furniture with asymmetrical patterns that was prevalent in Europe in the 18th century

Rococo, stil rococo

Rococo, stil rococo

Ex: The art historian gave a fascinating lecture on the Rococo era , highlighting how the style reflected the social and cultural shifts of 18th-century Europe .Istoricul de artă a ținut o conferință fascinantă despre epoca **Rococo**, evidențiind modul în care stilul a reflectat schimbările sociale și culturale ale Europei secolului al XVIII-lea.
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classicism
[substantiv]

a style of art and literature associated with harmony, simplicity, and beauty based on the standards of ancient Greece and Rome, Classicism was popular in Europe from the Renaissance to the 18th century

clasicism, neoclasicism

clasicism, neoclasicism

Ex: The museum 's collection includes several masterpieces of classicism.Colecția muzeului include mai multe capodopere ale **clasicismului**.
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Dada
[substantiv]

an early 20th-century movement in art, literature, music, and cinema, renouncing and satirizing artistic and social traditions and highlighting the illogical and absurd as a way of protest

dada, dadaism

dada, dadaism

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expressionism
[substantiv]

a style and movement of art, music, and literature in the early 20th century that expresses extreme feelings and emotions instead of showing events or objects in a realistic manner

expresionism, expresionismul

expresionism, expresionismul

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impressionism
[substantiv]

a movement in painting originated in 19th-century France that uses light and color in a way that gives an impression rather than a detailed representation of the subject

impresionism

impresionism

Ex: His latest painting, with its emphasis on capturing the play of light and color, was clearly influenced by the techniques of Impressionism.Ultima lui pictură, cu accentul pe captarea jocului de lumină și culoare, a fost clar influențată de tehnicile **impresionismului**.
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formalism
[substantiv]

an artistic or literary style that considers the rules and proper arrangement of the elements as being the most fundamental factor in comparison with expressing feelings or meaning

formalism, formalizmul

formalism, formalizmul

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mannerism
[substantiv]

a European style of art in the late 16th century characterized by hyper-idealization and distorted human forms

manierism, stil manierist

manierism, stil manierist

Ex: Mannerism's exaggerated style and theatrical flair appealed to the tastes of the aristocracy and elite patrons of the late Renaissance period.Stilul exagerat și farmecul teatral al **manierismului** au atras gusturile aristocrației și ale patronilor de elită din perioada târzie a Renașterii.
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minimalism
[substantiv]

‌a style of art, music, or design that arose in the 1950s and is associated with simplicity and uses only a limited number of elements

minimalism

minimalism

Ex: Minimalism in music often features repetitive structures .**Minimalismul** în muzică prezintă adesea structuri repetitive.
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neoclassicism
[substantiv]

a style of art, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the style practiced in ancient Greece and Rome

neoclasicism, stil neoclasic

neoclasicism, stil neoclasic

Ex: Neoclassicism experienced a revival in the 19th century, with artists and architects across Europe and the Americas embracing classical ideals in their work.
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naturalism
[substantiv]

a literary and artistic movement initiated in the late 19th century, marked by the accurate depiction of detail

naturalism

naturalism

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postmodernism
[substantiv]

a movement and style in art, literature, architecture, etc. in the 20th century, which reacted against modernism and is usually marked by a return to earlier styles and inclusion of features from various periods

postmodernism

postmodernism

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to daub
[verb]

to spread a sticky substance such as mud, paint, etc. on a surface in a careless way

a întinde, a unge

a întinde, a unge

Ex: They daubed adhesive onto the back of the wallpaper before applying it to the wall .Au **uns** adeziv pe spatele tapetului înainte de a-l aplica pe perete.
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to etch
[verb]

to cut or carve designs or writings on a hard surface, often using acid or a laser beam

grava, sculpta

grava, sculpta

Ex: The glass artist etched a beautiful design onto the transparent surface .Artistul de sticlă a **gravat** un design frumos pe suprafața transparentă.
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bricolage
[substantiv]

the process of artfully constructing something by means of different objects that are easily accessible

bricolaj

bricolaj

Ex: The DIY enthusiast transformed an old pallet into a bricolage of furniture pieces , including a coffee table , shelves , and a headboard , showcasing their ingenuity and craftsmanship .Entuziastul de DIY a transformat o paletă veche într-un **bricolaj** de piese de mobilier, inclusiv o masă de cafea, rafturi și un cap de pat, demonstrând ingeniozitatea și meșteșugul lor.
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composition
[substantiv]

the artistic arrangement of people and objects in a painting or picture

compunere, aranjament

compunere, aranjament

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installation
[substantiv]

a form of modern sculpture constructed using sound, light, movement, etc. as well as objects, often as a temporary piece of art

instalație

instalație

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fresco
[substantiv]

a technique of mural painting that is done by putting watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

frescă, pictură murală

frescă, pictură murală

Ex: Visitors marveled at the frescoes adorning the walls of the ancient villa , marveling at the skill and artistry of the painters who had created them centuries ago .Vizitatorii s-au minunat de **frescele** care împodobeau pereții vilei antice, admirând priceperea și arta pictorilor care le-au creat cu secole în urmă.
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grotesque
[substantiv]

a style of art that is characterized by distortion of figures and interweaving animals, humans, and plants

grotesc

grotesc

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mural
[substantiv]

a large painting done on a wall

mural, pictură murală

mural, pictură murală

Ex: The ancient cave paintings discovered in France are some of the earliest known examples of murals depicting daily life and hunting scenes .Picturile rupestre antice descoperite în Franța sunt unele dintre cele mai vechi exemple cunoscute de **murale** care înfățișează viața de zi cu zi și scene de vânătoare.
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diptych
[substantiv]

a painting or engraving done on two separate pieces of wood that are hinged and can be closed like a book, usually used as an altarpiece

diptic, pictură dublă

diptic, pictură dublă

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easel
[substantiv]

a wooden frame, usually a tripod, that an artist uses to support a canvas

șevalet, suport pentru pânză

șevalet, suport pentru pânză

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tempera
[substantiv]

a kind of pigment that is mixed with water or egg yolk in order to be painted on a canvas, paper, etc.

tempera, un fel de pigment care se amestecă cu apă sau gălbenuș de ou

tempera, un fel de pigment care se amestecă cu apă sau gălbenuș de ou

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cityscape
[substantiv]

a painting or photograph representing a city or an urban area

peisaj urban, vedere a orașului

peisaj urban, vedere a orașului

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avant-garde
[substantiv]

a progressive group of artists, musicians, etc. introducing modern and radical forms and styles, usually shocking the audience

avangardă

avangardă

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connoisseur
[substantiv]

an individual who is an expert of art, food, music, etc. and can judge its quality

cunoscător, expert

cunoscător, expert

Ex: The music connoisseur curated a playlist spanning genres and eras , showcasing lesser-known gems alongside timeless classics for an eclectic listening experience .**Cunoscătorul** de muzică a alcătuit o listă de redare care acoperă genuri și epoci, prezentând pietre prețioase mai puțin cunoscute alături de clasici fără de vârstă pentru o experiență de ascultare eclectică.
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conservator
[substantiv]

an organization or a person who is responsible for preserving, repairing, or restoring works of art, cultural sites, or other types of historical heritage

conservator, restaurator

conservator, restaurator

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muse
[substantiv]

a source of inspiration for an artist or author that gives them ideas or motivates them to create works of art

muză, sursă de inspirație

muză, sursă de inspirație

Ex: The changing seasons were her muse, each one evoking new colors and textures in her artwork .Anotimpurile schimbătoare erau **muza** ei, fiecare evocând noi culori și texturi în opera sa de artă.
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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL
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