Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Biologi
Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om biologi, såsom "enzym", "mikrob", "foster" etc. som behövs för TOEFL-provet.
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the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomi
Hans forskning i jämförande anatomi hjälpte till att förklara de evolutionära sambanden mellan arter.
(genetics) a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes inside the cell nucleus
kromosom
(genetics) the sex chromosome found twice in females and once in males
X-kromosom
(genetics) the sex chromosome found only in males, passed from father to son
Y-kromosom, könskromosom Y
a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process
enzym, ferment
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antigen, antigen substans
Kroppens försvarsmekanism identifierar antigenet som främmande.
a microscopic organism, especially one that can cause disease
mikrob
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
inkubera, ruva
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
foster, embryo
Fostret hade börjat röra sig vid slutet av det första trimester.
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embryo, foster
I laboratoriet kan forskare observera tillväxten och utvecklingen av en musembryo under kontrollerade förhållanden.
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
ovulera
Läkaren förklarade att kvinnor ovulerar ungefär en gång i månaden.
to experience genetic changes
mutera, genomgå genetiska förändringar
En populations DNA kan långsamt mutera, vilket bidrar till evolutionära processer.
(biology) an organism that has traits changed by a mutation in its DNA
mutant, muterad
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
lymfa, lymfvätska
Ökad lymfproduktion är ett svar på en infektion.
(biology) a basic cell that can divide and turn into many different specialized cell types
stamcell
a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism
membran, hinna
(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes
lipid, fett
(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins
aminosyra
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, nervcell
Reflexbågen innebär en direkt signal från sensoriska neuroner till motoriska neuroner.
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmittor
Serotonin fungerar som en neurotransmittor som påverkar sömn och humör.
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitokondrie, energiproducerande organell
Mitokondrier är kända som cellens kraftverk, som producerar energi genom aerob andning.
able to survive and function in environments that lack oxygen
anaerob, syrefri
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
kortisol, ett steroidhormon som kroppen producerar och som används inom medicinen för att hjälpa till att bota hudsjukdomar
Kortisol spelar en roll i att kontrollera kroppens sömn-vakcykel.
(biochemistry) the main male sex hormone that controls male traits and reproduction
testosteron
(biochemistry) a hormone from the pancreas that helps cells take in sugar from the blood
insulin
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
utsöndra, producera
Endokrina körtlar utsöndrar hormoner som spelar avgörande roller i olika kroppsfunktioner.
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, ribonukleinsyra
Ribosomalt RNA hjälper till att sammanställa aminosyror till proteiner.
(biology) a nerve ending or cell that detects changes in the environment and sends signals to the nervous system
receptor
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
Genomet av bananflugan, Drosophila melanogaster, har studerats i stor utsträckning som en modell för att förstå genetiska principer.
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominant, övervägande
(genetics) the set of rules by which the order of DNA building blocks is translated into proteins
genetisk kod
something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response
stimulus, retning
(biochemistry) the main female sex hormone that controls reproduction and female traits
östrogen
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hybrid, korsning
Hybriden, en blandning av varg och tamhund, hade de vilda instinkterna från sin vargförälder och det vänliga uppträdandet hos ett husdjur.
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
klon, kloning
Labteknikern bekräftade att klonen hade identiskt genetiskt material som donorcellen, vilket säkerställde framgången för kloningsprocessen.
