TOEFL을 위한 고급 어휘 - Biology

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

해부학

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

염색체

a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells

X 염색체

a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells

Y 염색체

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

효소, 촉매

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

항원

a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease

미생물, 미세생물

to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop

인큐베이트하다, 부화하다

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

태아, 배아

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

배아

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

배란하다

to experience genetic changes

돌연변이 하다, 유전자 변형을 겪다

a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change

뮤턴트, 변이

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

림프

(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions

줄기세포, 모세포

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

막

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

지질, 지방

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

아미노산

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

신경세포

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

신경전달물질

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

미토콘드리아, 미토콘드리온

not needing free oxygen to function

혐기성의, 산소가 필요 없는

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

코르티솔

a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features

테스토스테론

a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes

인슐린

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

분비하다, 생산하다

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA

a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system

수용체

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

유전체

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

우세한, 지배적인

the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells

유전자 코드, DNA 코드

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

자극, 유인

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

에스트로겐

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

잡종

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

클론