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Vocabulaire avancé pour le TOEFL - Biology

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la biologie, tels que « enzyme », « microbe », « foetus », etc. qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
anatomy

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomie

anatomie

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[nom]
chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

chromosome

chromosome

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[nom]
X chromosome

a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells

chromosome X

chromosome X

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[nom]
Y chromosome

a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells

chromosome Y

chromosome Y

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[nom]
enzyme

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzyme

enzyme

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[nom]
antigen

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigène

antigène

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[nom]
microbe

a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease

microbe

microbe

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[nom]
to incubate

to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop

incuber

incuber

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[verbe]
fetus

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

fœtus

fœtus

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[nom]
embryo

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embryon

embryon

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[nom]
to ovulate

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

ovuler

ovuler

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[verbe]
to mutate

to experience genetic changes

muter

muter

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[verbe]
mutant

a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change

mutant

mutant

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[nom]
lymph

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

lymphe

lymphe

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[nom]
stem cell

(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions

cellule souche

cellule souche

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[nom]
membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrane

membrane

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[nom]
lipid

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipide

lipide

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[nom]
amino acid

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

acide aminé

acide aminé

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[nom]
neuron

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurone

neurone

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[nom]
neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmetteur

neurotransmetteur

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[nom]
mitochondrion

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

mitochondrie

mitochondrie

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[nom]
anaerobic

not needing free oxygen to function

anaérobie

anaérobie

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[Adjectif]
cortisol

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol

cortisol

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[nom]
testosterone

a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features

testostérone

testostérone

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[nom]
insulin

a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes

insuline

insuline

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[nom]
to secrete

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

sécréter

sécréter

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[verbe]
RNA

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

ARN

ARN

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[nom]
receptor

a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system

récepteur

récepteur

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[nom]
genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

génome

génome

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[nom]
dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant

dominant

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[Adjectif]
genetic code

the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells

code génétique

code génétique

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[nom]
stimulus

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

stimulant

stimulant

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[nom]
estrogen

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

œstrogène

œstrogène

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[nom]
hybrid

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

hybride

hybride

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[nom]
clone

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

clone

clone

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[nom]
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