the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
解剖学
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
染色体, 染色体要素
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
X染色体, 性染色体X
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
酵素
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
抗原, 抗原物質
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
微生物, 病原菌
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
孵化する, 培養する
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
胎児, 胚
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
胚, 胎児
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
排卵する
to experience genetic changes
変異する, 遺伝的変化を経験する
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
突然変異体, 遺伝的変化によりその種類と異なる生物
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
リンパ, リンパ液
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
幹細胞, 未分化細胞
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
膜, 薄膜
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
脂質, 脂肪
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
ニューロン, 神経細胞
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
神経伝達物質
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
ミトコンドリア, エネルギー産生小器官
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
コルチゾール, 体が生成し、皮膚病の治療を助けるために医学で使用されるステロイドホルモン
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
テストステロン
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
インスリン
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
分泌する, 生産する
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, リボ核酸
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
受容体, 受容器官
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
ゲノム
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
優性の, 支配的な
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
遺伝子コード, 遺伝子符号化
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
刺激, 刺激物
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
エストロゲン, 女性ホルモン
