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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Biology

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa biyolohiya, tulad ng "enzyme", "microbe", "fetus", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Flashcards

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral

Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

[Pangngalan]

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomiya

anatomiya

Ex: His research in comparative anatomy helped explain evolutionary relationships among species.Ang kanyang pananaliksik sa paghahambing na **anatomiya** ay nakatulong upang ipaliwanag ang mga relasyong ebolusyonaryo sa pagitan ng mga species.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

kromosoma, elementong kromosomal

kromosoma, elementong kromosomal

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells

kromosoma X, kromosoma ng kasarian X

kromosoma X, kromosoma ng kasarian X

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells

Y chromosome, kromosomang Y

Y chromosome, kromosomang Y

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzyme

enzyme

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .Ang sabon ay naglalaman ng **enzyme** na sumisira sa mga protein stain, tulad ng dugo at damo, sa damit.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigen, sustansyang antigenik

antigen, sustansyang antigenik

Ex: A positive test result indicates that the antigen is present in the sample .

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease

mikrobyo, mikroorganismo

mikrobyo, mikroorganismo

Isara

[Pandiwa]

to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop

painitin, alagaan

painitin, alagaan

Isara

[Pangngalan]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

pangsanggol, embryo

pangsanggol, embryo

Ex: Genetic testing was conducted to check for any abnormalities in the fetus.Isinagawa ang genetic testing upang suriin ang anumang abnormalities sa **fetus**.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embryo, sanggol

embryo, sanggol

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .Madalas na lumitaw ang mga debate sa etika sa paligid ng paggamit ng mga **embryo** ng tao sa pananaliksik sa stem cell at mga paggamot sa medisina.

Isara

[Pandiwa]

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

mag-ovulate

mag-ovulate

Ex: The female dog ovulates twice a year during her heat cycle .Ang babaeng aso ay **nag-oovulate** ng dalawang beses sa isang taon sa panahon ng kanyang heat cycle.

Isara

[Pandiwa]

to experience genetic changes

magbago ang lahi, dumanas ng mga pagbabago sa genetiko

magbago ang lahi, dumanas ng mga pagbabago sa genetiko

Ex: The influenza virus tends to mutate regularly , making it a challenge to predict and prevent .Ang influenza virus ay may posibilidad na **magbago** nang regular, na ginagawa itong isang hamon na mahulaan at pigilan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change

mutant, nababago ang lahi dahil sa pagbabago ng gene

mutant, nababago ang lahi dahil sa pagbabago ng gene

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

lymph, likidong lymph

lymph, likidong lymph

Ex: The colorless lymph helps to transport immune cells to areas needing defense .Ang walang kulay na **lymph** ay tumutulong sa pagdadala ng mga immune cell sa mga lugar na nangangailangan ng depensa.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions

stem cell, hindi pa nagkakaibang selula

stem cell, hindi pa nagkakaibang selula

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

lamad, balat

lamad, balat

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .Ang blood-brain barrier ay isang espesyal na **lamad** na nagpoprotekta sa utak.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid, taba

lipid, taba

Isara

[Pangngalan]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

amino asido, asidong amino

amino asido, asidong amino

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

neuron, selula ng nerbiyos

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .Ang pag-aaral at memorya ay nakasalalay sa kakayahan ng mga **neuron** na bumuo ng mga bagong koneksyon.

Isara

neurotransmitter

[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another across synapses .Ang mga **neurotransmitter** ay nagpapadala ng mga signal mula sa isang neuron patungo sa isa pa sa pamamagitan ng mga synapse.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

mitokondriya, organelong mitokondriyal

mitokondriya, organelong mitokondriyal

Ex: Mitochondria contain their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA, which is essential for their function and replication.Ang **mitochondrion** ay naglalaman ng sarili nitong DNA, hiwalay sa nuclear DNA, na mahalaga para sa kanilang function at replication.

Isara

[pang-uri]

not needing free oxygen to function

anaerobic, hindi nangangailangan ng libreng oksiheno

anaerobic, hindi nangangailangan ng libreng oksiheno

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol, isang steroid hormone na ginagawa ng katawan at ginagamit sa medisina para tulungan na gamutin ang mga sakit sa balat

cortisol, isang steroid hormone na ginagawa ng katawan at ginagamit sa medisina para tulungan na gamutin ang mga sakit sa balat

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .Ang gamot ay naglalaman ng **cortisol** upang mabawasan ang pamamaga at pamamaga.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features

testosterone

testosterone

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes

insulin

insulin

Isara

[Pandiwa]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

maglabas, gumawa

maglabas, gumawa

Ex: Sweat glands secrete perspiration, helping to regulate body temperature.Ang mga sweat gland ay **naglalabas** ng pawis, tumutulong upang regulahin ang temperatura ng katawan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA, ribonucleic acid

RNA, ribonucleic acid

Ex: Scientists edited the RNA to correct a cellular malfunction .In-edit ng mga siyentipiko ang **RNA** para itama ang isang cellular malfunction.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system

reseptor, organong pandama

reseptor, organong pandama

Isara

[Pangngalan]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

henoma

henoma

Ex: Advances in genome editing technologies , like CRISPR , allow scientists to precisely modify the genetic material of organisms for research and therapeutic purposes .Ang mga pagsulong sa mga teknolohiya ng pag-edit ng **genome**, tulad ng CRISPR, ay nagpapahintulot sa mga siyentipiko na tumpak na baguhin ang genetic material ng mga organismo para sa pananaliksik at therapeutic na layunin.

Isara

[pang-uri]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

nangingibabaw, dominante

nangingibabaw, dominante

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members.Ang **nangingibabaw** na gene na responsable sa mga dimple ay lumilitaw sa maraming miyembro ng pamilya.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells

genetic code, genetic encoding

genetic code, genetic encoding

Isara

[Pangngalan]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

pampasigla, stimulus

pampasigla, stimulus

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .Madalas gumamit ang mga guro ng interaktibo at nakakaengganyong mga **stimulus**, tulad ng mga laro pang-edukasyon o mga hands-on na aktibidad, upang pasiglahin ang interes at pagandahin ang karanasan sa pag-aaral sa silid-aralan.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen, hormon ng babae

estrogen, hormon ng babae

Isara

[Pangngalan]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

halo, hybrid

halo, hybrid

Ex: The vineyard owner introduced a new grape hybrid to his collection, which produced a unique flavor profile ideal for winemaking.Ang may-ari ng ubasan ay nagpakilala ng isang bagong **hybrid** na ubas sa kanyang koleksyon, na nagprodyus ng isang natatanging profile ng lasa na mainam para sa paggawa ng alak.

Isara

[Pangngalan]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, pagkaklon

klon, pagkaklon

Ex: By using a clone of the immune cells , the researchers aimed to develop a more effective treatment for the disease .Sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng isang **clone** ng mga immune cells, ang mga mananaliksik ay naglalayong bumuo ng isang mas epektibong paggamot para sa sakit.

Isara

Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL

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