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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Biology
Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre biologie, cum ar fi "enzimă", "microb", "făt" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.
Revizuire
Fișe de studiu
Ortografie
Chestionar
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomie
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
cromozom, element cromozomial
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
cromozomul X, cromozomul sexual X
a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells
cromozomul Y, Y cromozom
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzimă
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antigen, substanță antigenică
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
microb, microorganism
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
incuba, cloci
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
făt, embrion
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embrion, făt
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
ovula
to experience genetic changes
muta, a suferi modificări genetice
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
mutant, un organism viu care este diferit de felul său din cauza unei modificări genetice
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
limfă, lichid limfatic
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
celulă stem, celulă nediferențiată
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membrană, peliculă
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lipid, grăsime
any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins
aminoacid, acid aminic
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, celulă nervoasă
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmitator
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitocondrie, organelă producătoare de energie
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
cortizol, un hormon steroid pe care organismul îl produce și este utilizat în medicină pentru a ajuta la vindecarea afecțiunilor pielii
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosteron
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
insulină
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
secreta, produce
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
ARN, acid ribonucleic
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
receptor, organ receptor
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominant, predominant
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
cod genetic, codificare genetică
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
stimul, excitant
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrogen, hormon feminin
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hibrid, încrucișare
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
clonă, clonare
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