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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Biology
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o biologii, jako jsou "enzym", "mikrob", "plod" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.
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the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomie
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
chromozom, chromozomální prvek
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
X chromozom, pohlavní chromozom X
a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells
Y chromozom, chromozom Y
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzym
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antigen, antigenní látka
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
mikrob, mikroorganismus
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
inkubovat, líhnout
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
plod, embryo
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embryo, zárodek
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
ovulovat
to experience genetic changes
mutovat, podlehnout genetickým změnám
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
mutant, živý organismus
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
lymfa, lymfatická tekutina
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
kmenová buňka, nediferencovaná buňka
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membrána, blána
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lipid, tuk
any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins
aminokyselina, aminová kyselina
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, nervová buňka
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmiter
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitochondrie, energetické organely
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
kortizol, steroidní hormon
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosteron
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
inzulín
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
vylučovat, produkovat
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, ribonukleová kyselina
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
receptor, přijímací orgán
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominantní, převládající
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
genetický kód, genetické kódování
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
podnět, stimul
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrogen, ženský hormon
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hybrid, kříženec
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
klon, klonování
