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the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
解剖学
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
染色体, 染色体元素
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
X染色体, 性染色体X
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
酶
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
抗原, 抗原物质
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
微生物, 病菌
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
孵化, 培养
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
胎儿, 胚胎
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
胚胎, 胎儿
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
排卵
to experience genetic changes
变异, 经历遗传变化
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
突变体, 因基因变化而与其种类不同的生物
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
淋巴, 淋巴液
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
干细胞, 未分化细胞
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
膜, 薄膜
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
脂类, 脂肪
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
神经元, 神经细胞
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
神经递质
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
线粒体, 能量生产细胞器
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
皮质醇, 身体产生的一种类固醇激素，用于医学上帮助治疗皮肤病
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
睾酮
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
胰岛素
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
分泌, 产生
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
核糖核酸, RNA
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
受体, 感受器官
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
基因组
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
显性的, 主导的
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
遗传密码, 遗传编码
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
刺激, 刺激物
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
雌激素, 女性荷尔蒙
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
杂交种, 混种
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
克隆, 克隆技术
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