the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
解剖学
她在解剖学课上表现出色，对人体错综复杂的细节着迷。
(genetics) a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes inside the cell nucleus
染色体
(genetics) the sex chromosome found twice in females and once in males
X染色体
(genetics) the sex chromosome found only in males, passed from father to son
Y染色体, Y性染色体
a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process
酶, 酵素
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
抗原, 抗原物质
血液检测检测抗原的存在以诊断感染。
a microscopic organism, especially one that can cause disease
微生物
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
孵化, 培养
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
胎儿, 胚胎
在十二周时，可以检测到胎儿的心跳。
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
胚胎, 胎儿
超声波显示了胚胎的微小心跳，表明怀孕早期阶段健康。
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
排卵
一些药物会影响你排卵的频率。
to experience genetic changes
变异, 经历遗传变化
为了应对环境因素，生活在特定栖息地的生物可能会自然突变。
(biology) an organism that has traits changed by a mutation in its DNA
突变体, 变种
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
淋巴, 淋巴液
淋巴通过淋巴系统循环以抵抗感染。
(biology) a basic cell that can divide and turn into many different specialized cell types
干细胞
a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism
膜, 薄膜
(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes
脂质, 脂类
(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins
氨基酸
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
神经元, 神经细胞
感觉神经元的损伤会导致四肢麻木。
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
神经递质
神经递质水平的问题可能导致神经系统疾病。
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
线粒体, 能量生产细胞器
线粒体的结构由外膜、内膜、膜间间隙和基质组成。
able to survive and function in environments that lack oxygen
厌氧的, 无氧的
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
皮质醇, 身体产生的一种类固醇激素，用于医学上帮助治疗皮肤病
医生有时会开皮质醇来治疗严重的皮肤病。
(biochemistry) the main male sex hormone that controls male traits and reproduction
睾酮
(biochemistry) a hormone from the pancreas that helps cells take in sugar from the blood
胰岛素
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
分泌, 产生
胰腺分泌胰岛素，调节体内的血糖水平。
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
核糖核酸, RNA
信使RNA提供构建特定蛋白质的代码。
(biology) a nerve ending or cell that detects changes in the environment and sends signals to the nervous system
受体
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
基因组
对不同生物的基因组进行测序有助于科学家了解它们的进化关系和遗传多样性。
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
显性的, 主导的
(genetics) the set of rules by which the order of DNA building blocks is translated into proteins
遗传密码
something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response
(biochemistry) the main female sex hormone that controls reproduction and female traits
雌激素
