Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Biología
Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre biología, como "enzyme", "microbe", "fetus", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.
Revisión
Tarjetas de memoria
Ortografía
Cuestionario
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomía
El libro de texto sobre anatomía incluía diagramas detallados de los sistemas muscular y esquelético.
(genetics) a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes inside the cell nucleus
cromosoma
(genetics) the sex chromosome found twice in females and once in males
cromosoma x
(genetics) the sex chromosome found only in males, passed from father to son
cromosoma y
a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process
enzima
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antígeno
Las alergias ocurren cuando el sistema inmunitario reacciona de forma exagerada a un antígeno inofensivo.
a microscopic organism, especially one that can cause disease
microbio
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
incubar
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
feto
La madre estaba emocionada de ver su feto en la imagen del ultrasonido.
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embrión
Los investigadores estudian los embriones para comprender mejor las primeras etapas del desarrollo humano y los trastornos congénitos.
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
ovular
Se la examinó para determinar si ovula regularmente.
to experience genetic changes
mutar, mutarse
El material genético puede mutar espontáneamente durante la replicación.
(biology) an organism that has traits changed by a mutation in its DNA
mutante
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
linfa
Los médicos examinaron la linfa para diagnosticar posibles infecciones.
(biology) a basic cell that can divide and turn into many different specialized cell types
célula madre
a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism
membrana
(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes
lípido
(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins
aminoácido
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neurona
Una sola neurona puede conectarse a miles de otras células nerviosas.
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmisor
Las endorfinas actúan como neurotransmisores que alivian el dolor e inducen el placer.
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitocondria
La disfunción de la mitocondria puede conducir a una variedad de enfermedades y trastornos, incluyendo la miopatía mitocondrial y el síndrome de Leigh.
able to survive and function in environments that lack oxygen
anaeróbico
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
cortisol
El cortisol ayuda a regular el metabolismo y la respuesta inmune en el cuerpo.
(biochemistry) the main male sex hormone that controls male traits and reproduction
testosterona
(biochemistry) a hormone from the pancreas that helps cells take in sugar from the blood
insulina
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
secretar
Las glándulas sebáceas de la piel secretan aceites para humectar y proteger la piel.
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
ARN
Los virus como el SARS-CoV-2 utilizan el ARN como material genético.
(biology) a nerve ending or cell that detects changes in the environment and sends signals to the nervous system
receptor
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genoma
Los investigadores están estudiando el genoma del coronavirus para rastrear sus mutaciones y desarrollar vacunas efectivas.
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominante
(genetics) the set of rules by which the order of DNA building blocks is translated into proteins
código genético
something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response
estímulo
(biochemistry) the main female sex hormone that controls reproduction and female traits
estrógeno
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
híbrido
El jardinero plantó un híbrido en su huerto, sabiendo que produciría más fruta y sería menos susceptible a enfermedades que las variedades puras.
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
clon
Los investigadores crearon un clon de la célula madre original para estudiar su potencial para regenerar tejidos dañados.
