Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Biología
Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre biología, como "enzyme", "microbe", "fetus", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.
Revisión
Tarjetas de memoria
Ortografía
Cuestionario
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomía
El libro de texto sobre anatomía incluía diagramas detallados de los sistemas muscular y esquelético.
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
cromosoma
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
cromosoma x
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzima
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antígeno
Las alergias ocurren cuando el sistema inmunitario reacciona de forma exagerada a un antígeno inofensivo.
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
microbio
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
incubar
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
feto
La madre estaba emocionada de ver su feto en la imagen del ultrasonido.
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embrión
Los investigadores estudian los embriones para comprender mejor las primeras etapas del desarrollo humano y los trastornos congénitos.
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
ovular
Se la examinó para determinar si ovula regularmente.
to experience genetic changes
mutar, mutarse
El material genético puede mutar espontáneamente durante la replicación.
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
mutante
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
linfa
Los médicos examinaron la linfa para diagnosticar posibles infecciones.
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
célula madre
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membrana
La membrana externa de la bacteria ayuda a salvaguardar su contenido.
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lípido
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neurona
Una sola neurona puede conectarse a miles de otras células nerviosas.
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmisor
Las endorfinas actúan como neurotransmisores que alivian el dolor e inducen el placer.
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitocondria
La disfunción de la mitocondria puede conducir a una variedad de enfermedades y trastornos, incluyendo la miopatía mitocondrial y el síndrome de Leigh.
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
cortisol
El cortisol ayuda a regular el metabolismo y la respuesta inmune en el cuerpo.
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosterona
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
insulina
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
secretar
Las glándulas sebáceas de la piel secretan aceites para humectar y proteger la piel.
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
ARN
Los virus como el SARS-CoV-2 utilizan el ARN como material genético.
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
receptor
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genoma
Los investigadores están estudiando el genoma del coronavirus para rastrear sus mutaciones y desarrollar vacunas efectivas.
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominante
En esta familia, el gen dominante para el pelo rizado se transmite a los hijos.
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
código genético
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
estímulo
En terapia, los terapeutas pueden usar varios estímulos, como imágenes o indicaciones, para evocar respuestas emocionales y facilitar la discusión.
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrógeno
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
híbrido
El jardinero plantó un híbrido en su huerto, sabiendo que produciría más fruta y sería menos susceptible a enfermedades que las variedades puras.
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
clon
Los investigadores crearon un clon de la célula madre original para estudiar su potencial para regenerar tejidos dañados.
