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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Биология
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова по биологии, такие как "фермент", "микроб", "плод" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.
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the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
анатомия
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
хромосома
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
Х-хромосома
a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells
Y-хромосома
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
фермент
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
антиген
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
микроб
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
инкубировать
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
плод
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
зародыш
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
овулировать
to experience genetic changes
мутировать
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
мутант
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
лимфа
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
стволовая клетка
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
мембрана
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
липид
any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins
аминокислота
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
нейрон
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
нейромедиатор
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
митохондрия
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
кортизол
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
тестостерон
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
инсулин
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
выделять
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
РНК
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
рецептор
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
геном
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
доминантный
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
генетический код
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
раздражитель
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
эстроген
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
гибрид
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
клон
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