Zaawansowane Słownictwo do TOEFL - Biology
Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o biologii, takich jak "enzym", "mikrob", "płód" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.
Przegląd
Fiszki
formy
Pisownia
Test
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomia
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
chromosom, element chromosomowy
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
chromosom X, chromosom płciowy X
a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells
chromosom Y, Y chromosom
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzym
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antygen, substancja antygenowa
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
mikrob, mikroorganizm
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
inkubować, wysiadywać
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
płód, zarodek
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
zarodek, embrion
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
owulować
to experience genetic changes
mutować, doświadczać zmian genetycznych
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
mutant, organizm różniący się od swojego gatunku z powodu zmiany genetycznej
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
limfa, płyn limfatyczny
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
komórka macierzysta, komórka niezróżnicowana
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
błona, membrana
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lipid, tłuszcz
any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins
aminokwas, kwas aminowy
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, komórka nerwowa
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neuroprzekaźnik
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitochondrium, organellum produkujące energię
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
kortyzol, hormon steroidowy wytwarzany przez organizm i stosowany w medycynie do pomocy w leczeniu chorób skóry
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosteron
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
insulina
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
wydzielać, produkować
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, kwas rybonukleinowy
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
receptor, narząd odbiorczy
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominujący, przeważający
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
kod genetyczny, kodowanie genetyczne
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
bodziec, stymulant
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrogen, hormon żeński
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hybryda, krzyżówka
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
klon, klonowanie
