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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Biology

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang biologi, seperti "enzim", "mikroba", "janin", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

Tinjauan

Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

[Kata benda]

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomi

anatomi

Ex: His research in comparative anatomy helped explain evolutionary relationships among species.Penelitiannya dalam **anatomi** komparatif membantu menjelaskan hubungan evolusi antar spesies.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

kromosom, elemen kromosom

kromosom, elemen kromosom

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells

kromosom X, kromosom seks X

kromosom X, kromosom seks X

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells

kromosom Y, Y kromosom

kromosom Y, Y kromosom

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzim

enzim

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .Deterjen mengandung **enzim** yang memecah noda protein, seperti darah dan rumput, pada pakaian.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigen, zat antigenik

antigen, zat antigenik

Ex: A positive test result indicates that the antigen is present in the sample .

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease

mikroba, mikroorganisme

mikroba, mikroorganisme

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop

mengeram, inkubasi

mengeram, inkubasi

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

janin, embrio

janin, embrio

Ex: Genetic testing was conducted to check for any abnormalities in the fetus.Tes genetik dilakukan untuk memeriksa adanya kelainan pada **janin**.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrio, janin

embrio, janin

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .Debat etika sering muncul seputar penggunaan **embrio** manusia dalam penelitian sel punca dan perawatan medis.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

berovulasi

berovulasi

Ex: The female dog ovulates twice a year during her heat cycle .Anjing betina **berovulasi** dua kali setahun selama siklus birahinya.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to experience genetic changes

bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik

bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik

Ex: The influenza virus tends to mutate regularly , making it a challenge to predict and prevent .Virus influenza cenderung **bermutasi** secara teratur, menjadikannya tantangan untuk diprediksi dan dicegah.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change

mutan, organisme hidup yang berbeda dari jenisnya karena perubahan genetik

mutan, organisme hidup yang berbeda dari jenisnya karena perubahan genetik

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

limfa, cairan limfatik

limfa, cairan limfatik

Ex: The colorless lymph helps to transport immune cells to areas needing defense .**Limfa** yang tidak berwarna membantu mengangkut sel-sel kekebalan ke area yang membutuhkan pertahanan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions

sel punca, sel yang belum terdiferensiasi

sel punca, sel yang belum terdiferensiasi

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membran, selaput

membran, selaput

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .Penghalang darah-otak adalah **membran** khusus yang melindungi otak.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid, lemak

lipid, lemak

Tutup

[Kata benda]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

asam amino, amino asam

asam amino, amino asam

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron, sel saraf

neuron, sel saraf

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .Pembelajaran dan memori tergantung pada kemampuan **neuron** untuk membentuk koneksi baru.

Tutup

neurotransmitter

[Kata benda]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another across synapses .**Neurotransmitter** mengirimkan sinyal dari satu neuron ke neuron lain melintasi sinapsis.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

mitokondria, organel penghasil energi

mitokondria, organel penghasil energi

Ex: Mitochondria contain their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA, which is essential for their function and replication.**Mitokondria** mengandung DNA mereka sendiri, terpisah dari DNA nuklir, yang penting untuk fungsi dan replikasi mereka.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

not needing free oxygen to function

anaerob, tidak membutuhkan oksigen bebas

anaerob, tidak membutuhkan oksigen bebas

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit

kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .Obat ini mengandung **kortisol** untuk mengurangi peradangan dan pembengkakan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features

testosteron

testosteron

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes

insulin

insulin

Tutup

[kata kerja]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

mengeluarkan, menghasilkan

mengeluarkan, menghasilkan

Ex: Sweat glands secrete perspiration, helping to regulate body temperature.Kelenjar keringat **mengeluarkan** keringat, membantu mengatur suhu tubuh.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA, asam ribonukleat

RNA, asam ribonukleat

Ex: Scientists edited the RNA to correct a cellular malfunction .Para ilmuwan mengedit **RNA** untuk memperbaiki malfungsi seluler.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system

reseptor, organ penerima

reseptor, organ penerima

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

Ex: Advances in genome editing technologies , like CRISPR , allow scientists to precisely modify the genetic material of organisms for research and therapeutic purposes .Kemajuan dalam teknologi penyuntingan **genom**, seperti CRISPR, memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk memodifikasi material genetik organisme dengan presisi untuk tujuan penelitian dan terapeutik.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominan, unggul

dominan, unggul

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members.Gen **dominan** yang bertanggung jawab untuk lesung pipit muncul pada banyak anggota keluarga.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells

kode genetik, pengkodean genetik

kode genetik, pengkodean genetik

Tutup

[Kata benda]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

rangsangan, stimulus

rangsangan, stimulus

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .Guru sering menggunakan **stimulus** interaktif dan menarik, seperti permainan edukatif atau kegiatan praktis, untuk merangsang minat dan meningkatkan pengalaman belajar di kelas.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation

estrogen, hormon wanita

estrogen, hormon wanita

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

hibrida, persilangan

hibrida, persilangan

Ex: The vineyard owner introduced a new grape hybrid to his collection, which produced a unique flavor profile ideal for winemaking.Pemilik kebun anggur memperkenalkan **hibrida** anggur baru ke koleksinya, yang menghasilkan profil rasa unik yang ideal untuk pembuatan anggur.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, pengklonan

klon, pengklonan

Ex: By using a clone of the immune cells , the researchers aimed to develop a more effective treatment for the disease .Dengan menggunakan **klon** dari sel-sel kekebalan, para peneliti bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pengobatan yang lebih efektif untuk penyakit tersebut.

Tutup

Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL

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