Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Biologi
Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang biologi, seperti "enzim", "mikroba", "janin", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.
Tinjauan
Kartu flash
Ejaan
Kuis
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomi
Dia unggul dalam kelas anatomi-nya, terpesona oleh detail rumit tubuh manusia.
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
kromosom, elemen kromosom
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
kromosom X, kromosom seks X
a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells
kromosom Y, Y kromosom
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzim
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antigen, zat antigenik
Alergi terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh bereaksi berlebihan terhadap antigen yang tidak berbahaya.
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
mikroba, mikroorganisme
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
mengeram, inkubasi
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
janin, embrio
Sang ibu sangat bersemangat melihat janinnya dalam gambar USG.
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embrio, janin
Para peneliti mempelajari embrio untuk lebih memahami tahap-tahap awal perkembangan manusia dan gangguan bawaan.
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
berovulasi
Dia diuji untuk menentukan apakah dia berovulasi secara teratur.
to experience genetic changes
bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik
Materi genetik dapat secara spontan bermutasi selama replikasi.
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
mutan, organisme hidup yang berbeda dari jenisnya karena perubahan genetik
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
limfa, cairan limfatik
Dokter memeriksa limfa untuk mendiagnosis infeksi potensial.
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
sel punca, sel yang belum terdiferensiasi
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membran, selaput
Membran luar bakteri membantu melindungi isinya.
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lipid, lemak
any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins
asam amino, amino asam
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, sel saraf
Sebuah neuron tunggal dapat terhubung ke ribuan sel saraf lainnya.
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmitter
Endorfin bertindak sebagai neurotransmitter yang meredakan nyeri dan menimbulkan kesenangan.
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitokondria, organel penghasil energi
Disfungsi mitokondria dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit dan gangguan, termasuk miopati mitokondria dan sindrom Leigh.
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit
Kortisol membantu mengatur metabolisme dan respons imun dalam tubuh.
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
testosteron
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
insulin
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
mengeluarkan, menghasilkan
Kelenjar sebaceous di kulit mengeluarkan minyak untuk melembabkan dan melindungi kulit.
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, asam ribonukleat
Virus seperti SARS-CoV-2 menggunakan RNA sebagai materi genetiknya.
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
reseptor, organ penerima
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
Para peneliti sedang mempelajari genom virus corona untuk melacak mutasinya dan mengembangkan vaksin yang efektif.
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominan, unggul
Di keluarga ini, gen dominan untuk rambut keriting diturunkan kepada anak-anak.
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
kode genetik, pengkodean genetik
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
rangsangan, stimulus
Dalam sebuah eksperimen laboratorium, para peneliti menerapkan stimulus visual kepada peserta studi untuk mengamati dan mengukur respons neurologis mereka.
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
estrogen, hormon wanita
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hibrida, persilangan
Tukang kebun menanam hibrida di kebun sayurnya, mengetahui bahwa itu akan menghasilkan lebih banyak buah dan kurang rentan terhadap penyakit dibandingkan varietas murni.
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
klon, pengklonan
Para peneliti menciptakan klon dari sel induk asli untuk mempelajari potensinya dalam meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak.
