Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Biologi
Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang biologi, seperti "enzim", "mikroba", "janin", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.
Tinjauan
Kartu flash
Ejaan
Kuis
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
anatomi
Dia unggul dalam kelas anatomi-nya, terpesona oleh detail rumit tubuh manusia.
(genetics) a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genes inside the cell nucleus
kromosom
(genetics) the sex chromosome found twice in females and once in males
kromosom X
(genetics) the sex chromosome found only in males, passed from father to son
kromosom Y, kromosom seks Y
a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process
enzim, fermen
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
antigen, zat antigenik
Alergi terjadi ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh bereaksi berlebihan terhadap antigen yang tidak berbahaya.
a microscopic organism, especially one that can cause disease
mikroba
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
mengeram, inkubasi
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
janin, embrio
Sang ibu sangat bersemangat melihat janinnya dalam gambar USG.
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
embrio, janin
Para peneliti mempelajari embrio untuk lebih memahami tahap-tahap awal perkembangan manusia dan gangguan bawaan.
(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary
berovulasi
Dia diuji untuk menentukan apakah dia berovulasi secara teratur.
to experience genetic changes
bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik
Materi genetik dapat secara spontan bermutasi selama replikasi.
(biology) an organism that has traits changed by a mutation in its DNA
mutan, mutasi
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
limfa, cairan limfatik
Dokter memeriksa limfa untuk mendiagnosis infeksi potensial.
(biology) a basic cell that can divide and turn into many different specialized cell types
sel punca
a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism
membran, selaput
(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes
lipid, lemak
(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins
asam amino
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neuron, sel saraf
Sebuah neuron tunggal dapat terhubung ke ribuan sel saraf lainnya.
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
neurotransmitter
Endorfin bertindak sebagai neurotransmitter yang meredakan nyeri dan menimbulkan kesenangan.
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
mitokondria, organel penghasil energi
Disfungsi mitokondria dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit dan gangguan, termasuk miopati mitokondria dan sindrom Leigh.
able to survive and function in environments that lack oxygen
anaerobik, anaerob
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit
Kortisol membantu mengatur metabolisme dan respons imun dalam tubuh.
(biochemistry) the main male sex hormone that controls male traits and reproduction
testosteron
(biochemistry) a hormone from the pancreas that helps cells take in sugar from the blood
insulin
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
mengeluarkan, menghasilkan
Kelenjar sebaceous di kulit mengeluarkan minyak untuk melembabkan dan melindungi kulit.
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
RNA, asam ribonukleat
Virus seperti SARS-CoV-2 menggunakan RNA sebagai materi genetiknya.
(biology) a nerve ending or cell that detects changes in the environment and sends signals to the nervous system
reseptor
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
Para peneliti sedang mempelajari genom virus corona untuk melacak mutasinya dan mengembangkan vaksin yang efektif.
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominan, unggul
(genetics) the set of rules by which the order of DNA building blocks is translated into proteins
kode genetik
something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response
stimulus, rangsangan
(biochemistry) the main female sex hormone that controls reproduction and female traits
estrogen
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
hibrida, persilangan
Tukang kebun menanam hibrida di kebun sayurnya, mengetahui bahwa itu akan menghasilkan lebih banyak buah dan kurang rentan terhadap penyakit dibandingkan varietas murni.
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to
klon, pengklonan
Para peneliti menciptakan klon dari sel induk asli untuk mempelajari potensinya dalam meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak.
