ACT Англійська і Світові Знання - Фізичний світ

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

абразія, зношення

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

тертя, потертість

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

екстер'єр, зовнішня поверхня

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

занурення, погруження

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

емісія, викид

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

частинка, парашка

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

полум'я, вогняний спалах

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

планка, рейка

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

огородження, забудова

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface, often used for decorative or functional purposes such as display, storage, or seating

ніша, віконце

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

ніша, альков

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

обід, край

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

край дороги, біч вулиці

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

вм'ятина, углиблення

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

гніздо, сокет

the highest point where two roof slopes meet, forming a horizontal line along the top of the roof

кроква, гребінь

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

канавка, паза

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

плита, брус

a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

траншея, канавка

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

сажею

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

лак, фарба

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

пустота, порожнеча

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

вакуум, абсолютний вакуум

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

напис, гравіювання

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

скоблити, зішкребти

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

занурити, потопити

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

молоти, розмолоти

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

пульверизувати, перемелювати

to make something slightly wet or moist

зволожити, намочити

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

просочити, промокнути

to produce small drops of liquid on the surface of the skin, often as a result of physical exertion, anxiety, or heat

потіти, потіти

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

підтримувати, годувати

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

заражати, псувати

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

зіткнутися, битися

to make it so that nothing can move through something

засорювати, перекривати

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

проникати, перебувати

to cause injury to the surface of one's skin by rubbing it against something rough

сіромахи, подряпати

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

лопнути, вибухнути

to crack something into multiple parts or pieces

ламатися, тріснути

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

розірватись, лопнути

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

розрізати, розчленувати

to take apart or disassemble a structure, machine, or object, breaking it down into its individual parts

демонтувати, розбирати

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

відкрутити, відгвинтити

to break suddenly into several pieces

розбивати, ламати

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

обвалитися, зруйнуватися

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

знести, руйнувати

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

повітряний, в повітрі

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

потемнілий, занедбаний