Język Angielski i Wiedza o Świecie na ACT - Świat fizyczny

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

abrazja, otarcia

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

tarcie, otrzew

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

eksterior, powierzchnia zewnętrzna

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

zanurzenie, nurkowanie

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

emisja, wydanie

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

cząstka, fragment

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

płomień, ogień

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

listwa, deska

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

ogrodzenie, zagroda

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface, often used for decorative or functional purposes such as display, storage, or seating

nisza, wnęka

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

wnęka, alcova

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

obrzeże, brzeg

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

krawężnik, brzeg ulicy

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

wgłębienie, wklęśnięcie

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

gniazdko, wtyczka

the highest point where two roof slopes meet, forming a horizontal line along the top of the roof

szczyt dachu, grzebień dachu

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

rowek, wycięcie

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

płyta, blat

a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

row, rów

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

sadza

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

lakier, farba

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

pustka, próżnia

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

wakuum, absolutne wakuum

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

inskrypcja, grawerunek

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

skrobać, zeskrobać

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

zanurzyć, potopić

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

mielić, kruszyć

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

pulweryzować, mielić

to make something slightly wet or moist

zwilżyć, nawilżyć

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

przemoczyć, nasączyć

to produce small drops of liquid on the surface of the skin, often as a result of physical exertion, anxiety, or heat

pocić się, potykać się

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

odżywiać, karmić

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

zanieczyszczać, skaleczyć

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

zderzyć się, kolidować

to make it so that nothing can move through something

zapchać, zablokować

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

przenikać, przebić

to cause injury to the surface of one's skin by rubbing it against something rough

zdrapać, otarć

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

pęknąć, wybuchnąć

to crack something into multiple parts or pieces

pękać, łamać

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

pęknąć, rozerwać się

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

rozciąć, pokroić

to take apart or disassemble a structure, machine, or object, breaking it down into its individual parts

zdemontować, rozebrać

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

odkręcić, poluzować

to break suddenly into several pieces

roztrzaskać, łamać

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

zawalić się, załamać się

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

zburzyć, zniszczyć

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

powietrzny, w powietrzu

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

ponury, zaniedbany