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Inglés y Conocimientos del Mundo para ACT - Mundo físico

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con el mundo físico, como "alimentar", "transpirar", "inscripción", etc. que te ayudarán a sobresalir en tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for English and World Knowledge
abrasion
[Sustantivo]

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

abrasión, desgaste por fricción

abrasión, desgaste por fricción

Ex: The glacier 's movement across the landscape resulted in abrasion of the underlying bedrock .El movimiento del glaciar a través del paisaje resultó en una **abrasión** extensa del lecho de roca subyacente.
friction
[Sustantivo]

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

fricción

fricción

exterior
[Sustantivo]

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

exterior

exterior

Ex: The building ’s exterior gave it a timeless , elegant look .El **exterior** de piedra del edificio le daba un aspecto atemporal y elegante.
immersion
[Sustantivo]

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

inmersión, sumersión

inmersión, sumersión

Ex: immersion of the metal part in the acid bath helped remove the rust .La **inmersión** de la pieza de metal en el baño de ácido ayudó a eliminar el óxido.
emission
[Sustantivo]

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

emisión, liberación

emisión, liberación

particle
[Sustantivo]

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

partícula, grano

partícula, grano

Ex: particles settled on the furniture , indicating the need for regular cleaning .Las **partículas** de polvo se asentaron en los muebles, lo que indica la necesidad de una limpieza regular.
blaze
[Sustantivo]

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

llamarada

llamarada

slat
[Sustantivo]

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

lama, listón

lama, listón

Ex: The old barn had slats on the walls , giving it a rustic appearance .El viejo granero tenía **tablillas** desgastadas en las paredes, dándole un aspecto rústico.
enclosure
[Sustantivo]

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

recinto, cerco

recinto, cerco

Ex: Archaeologists discovered ancient artifacts in a sealed enclosure buried underground .Los arqueólogos descubrieron artefactos antiguos en un **recinto** de piedra sellado enterrado bajo tierra.
recess
[Sustantivo]

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface

hueco, nicho

hueco, nicho

Ex: recess in the corner of the garden was a perfect spot for a small fountain .El **hueco** en la esquina del jardín era un lugar perfecto para una pequeña fuente.
alcove
[Sustantivo]

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

hueco

hueco

Ex: The art gallery had a alcove dedicated to showcasing sculptures , illuminated by soft overhead lighting .La galería de arte tenía un **hueco** especial dedicado a exhibir esculturas, iluminado por una luz suave desde arriba.
rim
[Sustantivo]

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

borde, aro

borde, aro

Ex: He carefully traced his finger along rim of the antique telescope , feeling the smooth metal .Con cuidado, deslizó su dedo a lo largo del **borde** del antiguo telescopio, sintiendo el metal suave.
curbside
[Sustantivo]

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

borde de la acera, lado de la carretera

borde de la acera, lado de la carretera

Ex: Pedestrians crossed the street using the designated curbside crosswalk.Los peatones cruzaron la calle utilizando el paso de peatones **junto al bordillo** designado.
dent
[Sustantivo]

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

abolladura, hoyo

abolladura, hoyo

Ex: The plumber fixed the sink , but there was still a dent on the side .El fontanero arregló el fregadero, pero todavía había un pequeño **abolladura** en el lado.
socket
[Sustantivo]

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

zócalo, enchufe

zócalo, enchufe

Ex: She inserted the umbrella pole into the patio tablesocket to secure it against wind .Ella insertó el poste del paraguas en el **enchufe** de la mesa del patio para asegurarlo contra el viento.
ridge
[Sustantivo]

the highest point where two roof slopes meet, forming a horizontal line along the top of the roof

cumbrera, caballete

cumbrera, caballete

groove
[Sustantivo]

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

ranura, surco

ranura, surco

slab
[Sustantivo]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

losa

losa

trench
[Sustantivo]

a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

trinchera, zanja

trinchera, zanja

Ex: The trenches, found in the deepest parts of the ocean , host unique ecosystems adapted to extreme pressures and darkness .Las fosas Hadal, que se encuentran en las partes más profundas del océano, albergan ecosistemas únicos adaptados a presiones extremas y oscuridad.
soot
[Sustantivo]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

hollín, carbonilla

hollín, carbonilla

Ex: Historic buildings may undergo periodic cleaning to remove soot from their facades .Los edificios históricos pueden someterse a una limpieza periódica para eliminar el **hollín** acumulado en sus fachadas.
varnish
[Sustantivo]

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

barniz, laca

barniz, laca

void
[Sustantivo]

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

vacío, hueco

vacío, hueco

Ex: Engineers detected void in the concrete foundation of the bridge during inspection .Los ingenieros detectaron un **vacío** en la base de hormigón del puente durante la inspección.
vacuum
[Sustantivo]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vacío

vacío

Ex: vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere .El **vacío** del espacio se caracteriza por una presión extremadamente baja y la ausencia de atmósfera.
inscription
[Sustantivo]

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

inscripción, grabado

inscripción, grabado

Ex: The memorial statue featured inscription honoring the fallen soldiers of the war .La estatua conmemorativa presentaba una **inscripción** en honor a los soldados caídos en la guerra.
to scrape
[Verbo]

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

raspar, rascar

raspar, rascar

Ex: scrapes the mud off her shoes before entering the house .Ella **raspa** el barro de sus zapatos antes de entrar a la casa.

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

sumergir

sumergir

Ex: The submarine descended into the depths of the oceansubmerging beneath the waves .El submarino descendió a las profundidades del océano, **sumergiéndose** bajo las olas.
to grind
[Verbo]

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

moler

moler

Ex: The barista carefully ground the coffee beans to achieve the desired coarseness.El barista molió cuidadosamente los granos de café para lograr la grosor deseado.

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

pulverizar, triturar

pulverizar, triturar

Ex: The blender 's blades pulverize fruits and vegetables into smooth juices .Las cuchillas de la licuadora pueden **pulverizar** frutas y verduras en jugos suaves.
to dampen
[Verbo]

to make something slightly wet or moist

humedecer, mojar ligeramente

humedecer, mojar ligeramente

Ex: dampened the sponge before cleaning the spills .Ella **humedeció** la esponja antes de limpiar los derrames.
to drench
[Verbo]

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

empapar, calar

empapar, calar

Ex: The heavy drenched the beachgoers with seawater .Las olas pesadas **empaparon** a los bañistas con agua de mar.

to produce small drops of liquid on the surface of the skin, often as a result of physical exertion, anxiety, or heat

sudar

sudar

Ex: We perspired after running a marathon .Todos **sudamos** después de correr un maratón.
to nourish
[Verbo]

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

nutrir, alimentar

nutrir, alimentar

Ex: It is important nourish relationships with family and friends for emotional well-being .Es importante **alimentar** las relaciones con la familia y los amigos para el bienestar emocional.
to taint
[Verbo]

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

contaminar, infectar

contaminar, infectar

Ex: Insects taint stored grains with molds and toxins .Los insectos pueden **contaminar** los granos almacenados con mohos y toxinas.
to collide
[Verbo]

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

chocar

chocar

Ex: The strong winds caused two trees to lean and collide during the storm .Los fuertes vientos hicieron que dos árboles se inclinaran y finalmente **chocaran** durante la tormenta.
to clog
[Verbo]

to make it so that nothing can move through something

obstruir, tapar

obstruir, tapar

Ex: A swarm of clogged the air filter of the HVAC system , affecting air quality in the building .Un enjambre de insectos **obstruyó** el filtro de aire del sistema HVAC, afectando la calidad del aire en el edificio.

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

penetrar

penetrar

Ex: The drill penetrated the hard surface , creating a hole .El taladro **penetró** fácilmente la superficie dura, creando un agujero.
to graze
[Verbo]

to cause injury to the surface of one's skin by rubbing it against something rough

rasparse, rasguñarse

rasparse, rasguñarse

Ex: The grazed her face as she walked through the dense woods .La rama del árbol **rozó** su rostro mientras caminaba por el bosque denso.
to burst
[Verbo]

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

explotar, estallar

explotar, estallar

Ex: The tire bursts while driving on the highway, causing the car to swerve.El neumático **estalla** mientras se conduce en la autopista, haciendo que el coche se desvíe.

to crack something into multiple parts or pieces

fracturar

fracturar

Ex: When she dropped the porcelain dish , it did n't just break ; fractured into tiny fragments .Cuando dejó caer el plato de porcelana, no solo se rompió; se **fracturó** en pequeños fragmentos.
to rupture
[Verbo]

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

romperse

romperse

Ex: Emergency response teams were dispatched to the scene where a gas main was about rupture.Los equipos de respuesta de emergencia fueron enviados al lugar donde una tubería de gas estaba a punto de **romperse**.
to cleave
[Verbo]

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

cortar, hender

cortar, hender

Ex: The cleaved the large block of stone into smaller , manageable pieces .El cantero **partió** el gran bloque de piedra en trozos más pequeños y manejables.

to take apart or disassemble a structure, machine, or object, breaking it down into its individual parts

desmontar, desarmar

desmontar, desarmar

Ex: The scientists dismantled the experimental setup to analyze the individual components .Los científicos **desmontaron** cuidadosamente el montaje experimental para analizar los componentes individuales.
to unscrew
[Verbo]

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

desenroscar, destornillar

desenroscar, destornillar

Ex: The unscrewed the pipe fittings to fix the leak .El fontanero **desenroscó** los accesorios de la tubería para arreglar la fuga.
to shatter
[Verbo]

to break suddenly into several pieces

hacer añicos, hacer pedazos

hacer añicos, hacer pedazos

Ex: If you drop it , the glass shatter.Si lo dejas caer, el vaso **se romperá**.

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

derrumbarse

derrumbarse

Ex: The ancient collapsed under the weight of the snow .La antigua torre se **derrumbó** bajo el peso de la nieve.

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

demoler, derribar

demoler, derribar

Ex: The construction crew demolish the existing walls before rebuilding .El equipo de construcción **demolerá** los muros existentes antes de reconstruir.
airborne
[Adjetivo]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

aéreo, transportado por el aire

aéreo, transportado por el aire

Ex: Scientists studied airborne pollutants in urban areas to assess their impact on air quality .Los científicos estudiaron los contaminantes **transportados por el aire** en áreas urbanas para evaluar su impacto en la calidad del aire.
dingy
[Adjetivo]

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

oscuro, sucio

oscuro, sucio

Ex: Despite dingy appearance , the old house had a certain charm .A pesar de su apariencia **suciedad**, la vieja casa tenía un cierto encanto.
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