ACT Английский и Мировые Знания - Физический мир

the process of wearing down or smoothing a surface through friction, typically caused by rubbing, scraping, or erosion

абразия, износ

the resistance that two surfaces moving on each other encounter

трение

the outer surface or outermost layer of an object, building, etc.

внешняя сторона

the act of fully submerging something into a liquid or substance, typically for the purpose of soaking

погружение, вкушение

the act of producing or releasing something, especially gas or radiation, into the atmosphere or environment

испускание

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

частица, гранула

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

пламя, яркое пламя

a narrow, flat piece of wood, metal, or plastic, typically used as a component in structures like fences, blinds, or furniture

реечка, планка

a space or area that is closed off or surrounded by walls, fences, or barriers, often used for containment, protection, or confinement

ограждение, закрытая территория

a small indented area or alcove set back into a wall or other surface, often used for decorative or functional purposes such as display, storage, or seating

ниша, углубление

a recessed part of a wall that is built further back from the rest of it

ниша

the outer edge or border of a circular object, often serving as a boundary or support

обод, край

the area adjacent to the edge of a street or road where vehicles can park or where services, such as deliveries or pickups, often take place

обочина, площадка у дороги

a depression or hollow in a surface, typically caused by impact or pressure

вмятина, углубление

a hollow part or cavity into which something fits, typically used to connect or hold objects in place

разъем, гнездо

the highest point where two roof slopes meet, forming a horizontal line along the top of the roof

пиковая часть, скат

a long, narrow cut or indentation, often linear in shape, that is typically found on surfaces such as columns, moldings, or panels in architectural design

паза, выемка

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

плита, пластина

a long, narrow excavation or ditch dug into the ground, typically for military purposes, drainage, or archaeological exploration

окоп, канава

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

сажу

a clear or tinted coating made from resins, oils, and solvents that is applied to wood, metal, or other surfaces to provide a protective and decorative finish

лак, изолирующее покрытие

an empty or vacant space within a solid object or within a larger area, typically devoid of substance

пустота, вакуум

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

вакуум

words, letters, or symbols that are engraved, carved, or written on a surface, often for commemorative, informational, or decorative purposes

надпись, гравировка

to remove a thin layer or small amount of something from a surface using a sharp or rough edge

скрести, счищать

to plunge or immerse entirely beneath the surface of a liquid, typically water

погружать

to crush something into small particles by rubbing or pressing it against a hard surface

измельчать

to crush or grind something into a fine powder or particles, often through mechanical means or forceful impact

пульверизовать, измельчать

to make something slightly wet or moist

увлажнить, смачивать

to completely cover something with liquid by pouring it onto it

промокать, заваливать

to produce small drops of liquid on the surface of the skin, often as a result of physical exertion, anxiety, or heat

потеть

to give someone or something food and other things which are needed in order to grow, live, and maintain health

питать

to infect or dirty something with a disease or harmful microorganism

заражать, порочить

to come into sudden and forceful contact with another object or person

сталкиваться

to make it so that nothing can move through something

засорять

to move through something, typically overcoming resistance

проникать, проходить

to cause injury to the surface of one's skin by rubbing it against something rough

царапать

to suddenly and violently break open or apart, particularly as a result of internal pressure

лопаться

to crack something into multiple parts or pieces

ломать

(of a pipe or similar structure) to burst or break apart suddenly

разорваться

to cut something using a sharp tool, often with precision and accuracy

рассечь, разделить

to take apart or disassemble a structure, machine, or object, breaking it down into its individual parts

демонтировать

to release or detach something by rotating it in a counter-clockwise direction, thereby loosening its fastening or connection

открутить, ослабить

to break suddenly into several pieces

разбивать

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

рушиться

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

сносить

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

воздушный, в воздухе

looking dark, dirty, or shabby, often because of not being taken care of or cleaned properly

грязный