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ACT 科学 - 天文学与航空航天科学

在这里,你将学习一些与天文学和航空航天科学相关的英语单词,如“rover”、“probe”、“flare”等,这些将帮助你在ACT考试中取得好成绩。

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
astronomer
[名词]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

天文学家

天文学家

Ex: Modern astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .现代**天文学家**使用计算机模拟和数学模型来预测天体事件和现象。
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a scientist who studies the physical properties and phenomena of celestial objects and the universe as a whole

天体物理学家

天体物理学家

Ex: Universities often employ astrophysicists to teach courses on stellar evolution and the structure of galaxies .大学经常雇佣**天体物理学家**来教授关于恒星演化和星系结构的课程。
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planetarium
[名词]

a building with a dome in which moving images of planets, starts, and constellations are projected for educational or entertainment purposes

天文馆, 天文室

天文馆, 天文室

Ex: Children were excited to see the planets up close at the planetarium’s interactive exhibit .孩子们在**天文馆**的互动展览中近距离看到行星感到非常兴奋。
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observatory
[名词]

a building where scientists observe stars, meteors, the weather, etc. using equipment such as telescope

天文台

天文台

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asteroid
[名词]

any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

小行星, 岩石天体

小行星, 岩石天体

Ex: Some asteroids contain valuable minerals and resources that could be mined in the future .一些**小行星**含有未来可开采的有价值矿物和资源。
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meteorite
[名词]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

陨石, 流星体

陨石, 流星体

Ex: The study of meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .对**陨石**的研究有助于研究人员了解小行星和彗星的潜在危险。
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to orbit
[动词]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

绕轨道运行, 环绕

绕轨道运行, 环绕

Ex: The dwarf planet Pluto orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .矮行星冥王星在一个被称为柯伊伯带的空间区域**绕**太阳**运行**。
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supernova
[名词]

an exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun

超新星

超新星

Ex: Supernovae release enormous amounts of energy, producing heavy elements essential for planetary formation.**超新星**释放出巨大的能量,产生对行星形成至关重要的重元素。
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a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

星座, 星群

星座, 星群

Ex: The constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .**星座**仙后座在北部天空中形成一个明显的"W"形状。
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comet
[名词]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

彗星

彗星

Ex: The appearance of a bright comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .夜空中出现一颗明亮的**彗星**,往往会吸引业余天文学家和观星者的注意。
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white dwarf
[名词]

a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

白矮星, 白矮星恒星

白矮星, 白矮星恒星

Ex: Although small , white dwarfs can be quite hot , emitting radiation across a broad spectrum including visible light .虽然体积小,**白矮星**可能相当热,会发射包括可见光在内的广泛光谱的辐射。
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exoplanet
[名词]

a planet that is outside the solar system

系外行星, 太阳系外行星

系外行星, 太阳系外行星

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals of exoplanets orbiting distant stars .科学家使用先进的望远镜和天文台来探测围绕遥远恒星运行的**系外行星**的微弱信号。
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a region in the solar system located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, populated by numerous small celestial bodies called asteroids

小行星带, 小行星环

小行星带, 小行星环

Ex: Some asteroids in the asteroid belt occasionally cross Earth 's orbit , posing potential impact hazards that astronomers monitor closely .小行星带中的一些小行星偶尔会穿越地球轨道,带来天文学家密切监测的潜在撞击危险。
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ablation
[名词]

the process by which the surface of an object, such as a comet or an asteroid, erodes or vaporizes due to the effects of solar radiation and other environmental factors

烧蚀, 太阳辐射导致的烧蚀

烧蚀, 太阳辐射导致的烧蚀

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corona
[名词]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

日冕, 太阳的外层大气

日冕, 太阳的外层大气

Ex: The corona's magnetic fields contribute to the formation of solar prominences and eruptions .**日冕**的磁场有助于太阳 prominences 和喷发的形成。
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flare
[名词]

a sudden, brief burst of increased brightness observed from the sun's surface, usually accompanied by a burst of energy and radiation

耀斑, 闪光

耀斑, 闪光

Ex: Astronomers studied the flare to understand solar activity .天文学家研究了**耀斑**以了解太阳活动。
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planetary
[形容词]

related to or characteristic of planets or the solar system

行星的, 与行星有关的

行星的, 与行星有关的

Ex: Planetary exploration missions , like those conducted by NASA and other space agencies , aim to study distant worlds .像NASA和其他航天机构进行的**行星**探索任务,旨在研究遥远的世界。
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crater
[名词]

the round top of a volcano

火山口

火山口

Ex: The volcanic crater was filled with lava that glowed orange at night.火山**口**充满了夜晚发出橙色光芒的熔岩。
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solar mass
[名词]

a unit of mass used in astronomy, defined as the mass of the Sun

太阳质量, 太阳质量单位

太阳质量, 太阳质量单位

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extraterrestrial
[形容词]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

地球外的, 来自太空的

地球外的, 来自太空的

Ex: Some believe that crop circles are created by extraterrestrial beings.有些人认为麦田圈是由**外星**生物创造的。
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photosphere
[名词]

the visible surface of a star, including the Sun, where energy is emitted as light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

光球层, 恒星的可见表面

光球层, 恒星的可见表面

Ex: The photosphere marks the boundary between a star's opaque surface and its outer atmosphere.**光球层**标志着恒星不透明表面与其外层大气之间的边界。
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to eclipse
[动词]

to overshadow another astrological body

遮蔽, 使黯然失色

遮蔽, 使黯然失色

Ex: The moon ’s passing in front of the sun caused it to eclipse the sun ’s light completely for a few minutes .月亮从太阳前面经过,导致太阳光被完全**遮蔽**了几分钟。
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interstellar
[形容词]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

星际的, 星星之间的

星际的, 星星之间的

Ex: Interstellar communication explores the possibility of sending messages or signals between distant stars.**星际**通信探索了在遥远的恒星之间发送消息或信号的可能性。
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Nebula
[名词]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

星云, 气体和尘埃云

星云, 气体和尘埃云

Ex: The beautiful colors of the Eagle Nebula were captured by the space telescope.鹰**星云**的美丽颜色被太空望远镜捕捉到了。
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aurora
[名词]

a natural light display in the Earth's polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere

极光, 北极光

极光, 北极光

Ex: The indigenous people in polar regions often incorporate stories of the aurora into their cultural narratives .极地地区的原住民经常将**极光**的故事融入他们的文化叙事中。
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dwarf planet
[名词]

a celestial body that orbits the Sun and has sufficient mass for its gravity to pull it into a nearly spherical shape

矮行星, 矮天体

矮行星, 矮天体

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celestial
[形容词]

related to or occurring in the sky or outer space

天上的, 天体的

天上的, 天体的

Ex: Celestial coordinates , such as right ascension and declination , are used to locate objects in the night sky .**天体**坐标,如赤经和赤纬,用于定位夜空中的物体。
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probe
[名词]

an unmanned spacecraft used to gather information from space and send it back

探测器, 太空探测器

探测器, 太空探测器

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spacecraft
[名词]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

航天器, 宇宙飞船

航天器, 宇宙飞船

Ex: After completing its mission , the spacecraft re-entered Earth 's atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .完成任务后,**航天器**重新进入地球大气层,并安全返回,带回了从太空收集的样本。
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to launch
[动词]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

发射, 启动

发射, 启动

Ex: SpaceX is preparing to launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .SpaceX正准备将另一批Starlink卫星**发射**到近地轨道。
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launch pad
[名词]

a designated area at a spaceport or rocket launch site where rockets or spacecraft are positioned and prepared for liftoff

发射台, 发射场

发射台, 发射场

Ex: The launch pad is equipped with fueling stations , support structures , and safety systems to facilitate rocket launches .**发射台**配备了加油站、支撑结构和安全系统,以促进火箭发射。
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rover
[名词]

a robotic vehicle designed to move across the surface of a celestial body to conduct scientific experiments and gather data

漫游车, 探测车

漫游车, 探测车

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revolution
[名词]

the motion of one celestial body around another in a fixed path or orbi

公转, 轨道

公转, 轨道

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aeronautics
[名词]

the science and practice of designing, building, and operating aircraft, including airplanes and spacecraft

航空学, 航空科学

航空学, 航空科学

Ex: The development of supersonic aircraft is a milestone in modern aeronautics.超音速飞机的发展是现代**航空学**的一个里程碑。
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a type of solar eclipse where the moon, passing between the earth and the sun, appears smaller than the sun, creating a ring of sunlight around the darkened moon

日环食, 环食

日环食, 环食

Ex: People travel to specific locations along the eclipse path to experience and photograph the unique spectacle of an annular eclipse.人们沿着日食路径前往特定地点,以体验和拍摄**日环食**的独特景象。
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a model of the celestial sphere, historically used to depict and study the positions of celestial objects, consisting of a series of hoops representing important circles in the sky

浑天仪, 天体仪

浑天仪, 天体仪

Ex: Today , modern replicas of armillary spheres serve as educational tools in astronomy classrooms and planetariums .今天,**浑天仪**的现代复制品在天文教室和天文馆中作为教育工具。
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tektite
[名词]

a small, natural glassy object formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts, known for its smooth texture and found in strewn fields across the Earth's surface

玻陨石, 陨石玻璃

玻陨石, 陨石玻璃

Ex: Tektites can vary in size from tiny millimeters to several centimeters across .**玻陨石**的大小可以从几毫米到几厘米不等。
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