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Věda ACT - Astronomie a letectví

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s astronomií a kosmickou vědou, jako je „rover“, „probe“, „flare“ atd., která vám pomohou dosáhnout úspěchu ve vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
astronomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

astronom, astronomka

astronom, astronomka

Ex: astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .
astrophysicist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies the physical properties and phenomena of celestial objects and the universe as a whole

astrofyzik, astrofyzikář

astrofyzik, astrofyzikář

Ex: Universities often astrophysicists to teach courses on stellar evolution and the structure of galaxies .
planetarium
[Podstatné jméno]

a building with a dome in which moving images of planets, starts, and constellations are projected for educational or entertainment purposes

planetárium, pozorovatelna

planetárium, pozorovatelna

Ex: Children were excited to see the planets up close at planetarium’s interactive exhibit .
observatory
[Podstatné jméno]

a building where scientists observe stars, meteors, the weather, etc. using equipment such as telescope

observatoř, hvězdárna

observatoř, hvězdárna

asteroid
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the rocky bodies orbiting the sun, ranging greatly in diameter, also found in large numbers between Jupiter and Mars

astroid, asteroid

astroid, asteroid

Ex: asteroids contain valuable minerals and resources that could be mined in the future .
meteorite
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteorit, meteorita

meteorit, meteorita

Ex: The study meteorites helps researchers understand the potential hazards of asteroids and comets .
to orbit
[sloveso]

to move around a star, planet, or a large object in space

obíhat, kroužit

obíhat, kroužit

Ex: The dwarf planet orbits the sun in a region of space known as the Kuiper Belt .
supernova
[Podstatné jméno]

an exploding star that as a result is emitting a very large amount of light, more than the sun

supernova, svarog

supernova, svarog

Ex: Supernovae release enormous amounts of energy, producing heavy elements essential for planetary formation.
constellation
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific group of stars that form a pattern and have a name related to their shape

souhvězdí, konstelace

souhvězdí, konstelace

Ex: constellation Cassiopeia forms a distinct " W " shape in the northern sky .
comet
[Podstatné jméno]

an object in space that is a mass of ice and dust and when it nears the sun it starts illuminating in the shape of a tail

kometa, sníh hvězd

kometa, sníh hvězd

Ex: The appearance of a comet in the night sky often attracts attention from amateur astronomers and stargazers alike .
white dwarf
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, dense, and faint stellar remnant that is left after a medium-sized star exhausts the nuclear fuel in its core and undergoes gravitational collapse

bílý trpaslík, bílý trpaslík hvězdný

bílý trpaslík, bílý trpaslík hvězdný

Ex: Although smallwhite dwarfs can be quite hot , emitting radiation across a broad spectrum including visible light .
exoplanet
[Podstatné jméno]

a planet that is outside the solar system

exoplaneta, exoplanet

exoplaneta, exoplanet

Ex: Scientists use advanced telescopes and observatories to detect the faint signals exoplanets orbiting distant stars .
asteroid belt
[Podstatné jméno]

a region in the solar system located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, populated by numerous small celestial bodies called asteroids

asteroidový pás, pásmo asteroidů

asteroidový pás, pásmo asteroidů

Ex: Some asteroids in asteroid belt occasionally cross Earth 's orbit , posing potential impact hazards that astronomers monitor closely .
ablation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which the surface of an object, such as a comet or an asteroid, erodes or vaporizes due to the effects of solar radiation and other environmental factors

ablace, ablace materiálu

ablace, ablace materiálu

corona
[Podstatné jméno]

the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere, observable as a plasma halo during a solar eclipse

korona, koronární

korona, koronární

Ex: corona's magnetic fields contribute to the formation of solar prominences and eruptions .
flare
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden, brief burst of increased brightness observed from the sun's surface, usually accompanied by a burst of energy and radiation

sluneční erupce, flare

sluneční erupce, flare

Ex: Astronomers studied flare to understand solar activity .
planetary
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or characteristic of planets or the solar system

planetární, planetský

planetární, planetský

Ex: Planetary exploration missions , like those conducted by NASA and other space agencies , aim to study distant worlds .
crater
[Podstatné jméno]

the round top of a volcano

kráter, vrchol sopky

kráter, vrchol sopky

Ex: The volcanic crater was filled with lava that glowed orange at night.
solar mass
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit of mass used in astronomy, defined as the mass of the Sun

sluneční hmotnost, hmotnost slunce

sluneční hmotnost, hmotnost slunce

extraterrestrial
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or originating from outside the Earth or its atmosphere

mimozemský, extraterestrický

mimozemský, extraterestrický

Ex: Some believe that crop circles are created by extraterrestrial beings.
photosphere
[Podstatné jméno]

the visible surface of a star, including the Sun, where energy is emitted as light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation

fotosféra, světlá sféra

fotosféra, světlá sféra

Ex: The photosphere marks the boundary between a star's opaque surface and its outer atmosphere.
to eclipse
[sloveso]

to overshadow another astrological body

zatmění, přehlušit

zatmění, přehlušit

Ex: The moon ’s passing in front of the sun caused it eclipse the sun ’s light completely for a few minutes .
interstellar
[Přídavné jméno]

situated or occurring between stars or within the space that exists between stars

mezi hvězdami, interstelaární

mezi hvězdami, interstelaární

Ex: Interstellar communication explores the possibility of sending messages or signals between distant stars.
Nebula
[Podstatné jméno]

a glowing cloud of gas and dust in outer space, often the result of a star explosion or formation

nepřehledná mlhovina, mlhovina

nepřehledná mlhovina, mlhovina

Ex: The beautiful colors of the Eagle Nebula were captured by the space telescope.
aurora
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural light display in the Earth's polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere

aurora, polární záře

aurora, polární záře

Ex: The indigenous people in polar regions often incorporate stories of aurora into their cultural narratives .
dwarf planet
[Podstatné jméno]

a celestial body that orbits the Sun and has sufficient mass for its gravity to pull it into a nearly spherical shape

trpasličí planetka, trpasličí planeta

trpasličí planetka, trpasličí planeta

celestial
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or occurring in the sky or outer space

nebeský, hvězdný

nebeský, hvězdný

Ex: Celestial coordinates , such as right ascension and declination , are used to locate objects in the night sky .
probe
[Podstatné jméno]

an unmanned spacecraft used to gather information from space and send it back

sonda, průzkumná sonda

sonda, průzkumná sonda

spacecraft
[Podstatné jméno]

a vehicle designed to travel in space

kosmická loď, kosmický аппарат

kosmická loď, kosmický аппарат

Ex: After completing its mission , spacecraft re-entered Earth 's atmosphere and safely returned with samples collected from space .
to launch
[sloveso]

to send an object, such as a satellite, missile, etc., into space

vypustit, odpalit

vypustit, odpalit

Ex: SpaceX is preparing launch another batch of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit .
launch pad
[Podstatné jméno]

a designated area at a spaceport or rocket launch site where rockets or spacecraft are positioned and prepared for liftoff

startovní plošina, vystřelovací platforma

startovní plošina, vystřelovací platforma

Ex: launch pad is equipped with fueling stations , support structures , and safety systems to facilitate rocket launches .
rover
[Podstatné jméno]

a robotic vehicle designed to move across the surface of a celestial body to conduct scientific experiments and gather data

rover, robotický vozidlo

rover, robotický vozidlo

revolution
[Podstatné jméno]

the motion of one celestial body around another in a fixed path or orbi

revoluce, oběh

revoluce, oběh

aeronautics
[Podstatné jméno]

the science and practice of designing, building, and operating aircraft, including airplanes and spacecraft

aeronautika, letectví

aeronautika, letectví

Ex: The development of supersonic aircraft is a milestone in aeronautics.
annular eclipse
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of solar eclipse where the moon, passing between the earth and the sun, appears smaller than the sun, creating a ring of sunlight around the darkened moon

prstencové zatmění, prstencové sluneční zatmění

prstencové zatmění, prstencové sluneční zatmění

Ex: People travel to specific locations along the eclipse path to experience and photograph the unique spectacle of annular eclipse.
armillary sphere
[Podstatné jméno]

a model of the celestial sphere, historically used to depict and study the positions of celestial objects, consisting of a series of hoops representing important circles in the sky

armilární sféra, armilární kulová mapa

armilární sféra, armilární kulová mapa

Ex: Today , modern replicas armillary spheres serve as educational tools in astronomy classrooms and planetariums .
tektite
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, natural glassy object formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts, known for its smooth texture and found in strewn fields across the Earth's surface

tektit, tektitová sklenka

tektit, tektitová sklenka

Ex: Tektites can vary in size from tiny millimeters to several centimeters across .
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