Cambridge English: PET (B1 Preliminary) - Landscapes & Landforms

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Cambridge English: PET (B1 Preliminary)
branch [noun]

a part of a tree divided into some other parts on which the leaves grow

Ex: The storm caused several branches to fall from the trees in the backyard , creating a mess to clean up .
bush [noun]

a type of plant small in size with several stems in the ground

Ex: The bushes provided a natural privacy screen , blocking the view from the street .
cave [noun]

a hole or chamber formed underground naturally by rocks gradually breaking down over time

Ex: Scientists study caves to understand geological processes and uncover clues about Earth 's history .
cliff [noun]

an area of rock that is high above the ground with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea

Ex: Waves crashed against the base of the cliff , sending up sprays of mist .
glacier [noun]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

Ex: Mountaineers face numerous challenges when attempting to traverse icy crevasses on glaciers .
iceberg [noun]

a very large floating piece of ice

Ex: Iceberg lettuce is named for its crisp , watery texture reminiscent of iceberg formations .
leaf [noun]

a usually green part of a plant in which the photosynthesis takes place

Ex:

the bank of a river

Ex: The children played along the riverbank , skipping stones into the water .

a hill of sand built by wind or water flow

Ex: The desert was covered in endless sand dunes .
shore [noun]

the area of land where the land meets a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river

Ex: Fishermen mended their nets on the shore , preparing for the next trip .
stone [noun]

a hard material, usually made of minerals, and often used for building things

Ex: The sculptor chiseled away at the stone to reveal the figure within .
wave [noun]

a raised body of water that moves along the surface of a sea, river, lake, etc.

Ex: Sitting by the riverbank , they enjoyed the peaceful sound of the waves lapping against the shore .
tropical [adjective]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

Ex: She enjoyed vacationing in tropical destinations with sandy beaches and clear blue waters .
temperate [adjective]

(of a region or climate) having a temperature that is never very cold or very hot

Ex:

the part of the Earth's surface forming a cap over a pole; characterized by frigid climate

a large, open, and grass-covered area

Ex: Fires can spread quickly in dry grasslands .
trunk [noun]

the main wooden body of a tree

Ex:
dense [adjective]

thick and difficult to see through, often used to describe fog or smoke

Ex: She felt uneasy driving through the dense smoke from the nearby fire .

a protected area of land or water that is set aside for the preservation and protection of natural habitats, wildlife, and plant species

Ex: The wetland nature reserve is home to many rare birds .
scenery [noun]

the overall visual appearance of a location, including both the natural landscape and the man-made elements that have been constructed there

skyline [noun]

the outline of objects seen against the sky

stream [noun]

a small and narrow river that runs on or under the earth

Ex: The stream was clear , and you could see the fish swimming .
peaceful [adjective]

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

Ex: Scientists made important breakthroughs during productive seasons of peaceful exploration , unhindered by conflicts at home .