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English File - Upper Intermediate - Lesson 10A

Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 10A in the English File Upper Intermediate coursebook, such as "scientific", "experiment", "astronomer", etc.

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English File - Upper Intermediate
science
science
[noun]

knowledge about the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, especially based on testing and proving facts

Ex: I enjoy conducting experiments and making observations in science class. 
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scientist
scientist
[noun]

someone whose job or education is about science

Ex: As a scientist, he spends a lot of time in the lab. 
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physics
physics
[noun]

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

Ex: She excelled in physics, particularly enjoying the lessons on electromagnetism and thermodynamics. 
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physician
physician
[noun]

a medical doctor who specializes in general medicine, not in surgery

Ex: The physician examined the patient thoroughly before making a diagnosis. 
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physical
physical
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the study of energy, force, matter, heat, etc.

Ex: The university offers a physical science program that covers topics such as physics, chemistry, and astronomy. 
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scientific
scientific
[Adjective]

relating to or based on the principles and methods of science

Ex: The scientific method involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation to understand natural phenomena. 
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chemistry
chemistry
[noun]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

Ex: She found the chemistry lesson on chemical reactions absolutely fascinating. 
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chemical
chemical
[Adjective]

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

Ex: Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances. 
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biology
biology
[noun]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

Ex: She developed a keen interest in biology and decided to pursue a career in medicine. 
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biologist
biologist
[noun]

a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

Ex: The biologist spent years researching the behavior of dolphins in the wild to better understand their social structures. 
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biological
biological
[Adjective]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

Ex: Biological research investigates the genetic makeup of different species. 
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astronomy
astronomy
[noun]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

Ex: Advances in astronomy have led to the discovery of exoplanets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. 
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astronomer

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: The astronomer discovered a new exoplanet using advanced telescope technology. 
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astronomical
astronomical
[Adjective]

concerning or involving the scientific field of astronomy

Ex: The Hubble Space Telescope provides astronomers with valuable data on astronomical objects such as galaxies and nebulae. 
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genetics
genetics
[noun]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

Ex: Understanding genetics helps scientists explore how diseases are passed through families. 
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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

Ex: The geneticist conducted experiments to understand how certain traits are inherited in different animal species. 
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genetical
genetical
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the scientific field of genetics

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botany
botany
[noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: She majored in botany to learn about plant genetics and classification. 
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botanist
botanist
[noun]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The botanist spent years cataloging rare plant species in the Amazon rainforest to understand their ecological role. 
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botanical
botanical
[Adjective]

concerning or involving the study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: Botanical gardens showcase a wide variety of plant species for educational purposes. 
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zoology
zoology
[noun]

a branch of science that deals with animals

Ex: She decided to major in zoology because of her fascination with animal behavior. 
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zoologist
zoologist
[noun]

a specialist in or student of the branch of science that deals with animals

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zoological
zoological
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the branch of science that deals with animals

Ex: The zoological park is home to a variety of endangered species, providing them with a safe environment to live and breed. 
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clone
clone
[noun]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

Ex: The scientists observed the behavior of the bacterial clone to understand how it would respond to different antibiotics. 
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discovery
discovery
[noun]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

Ex: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first antibiotic. 
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drug
drug
[noun]

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

Ex: Drugs prescribed by doctors play a crucial role in treating various medical conditions, from antibiotics for infections to painkillers for managing discomfort. 
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to experiment

to do a scientific test on something or someone in order to find out the results

Ex: Researchers experiment on various plant species to study their growth patterns. 
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guinea pig

a small furry animal with rounded ears, short legs and no tail, which is often kept as a pet or for research

Ex: He cleaned the guinea pig’s cage every week. 
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research
research
[noun]

a careful and systematic study of a subject to discover new facts or information about it

Ex: Mark spent hours in the library doing research for his history paper. 
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side effect

a result of a situation or action that was not meant to happen

Ex: The new policy aimed to boost economic growth, but an unintended side effect was increased inflation. 
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test
test
[noun]

an examination that consists of a set of questions, exercises, or activities to measure someone’s knowledge, skill, or ability

Ex: After the language test, the teacher provided feedback to help the students improve their language skills. 
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theory
theory
[noun]

a set of ideas intended to explain the reason behind the existence or occurrence of something

Ex: Scientists proposed a new theory to explain the origins of the universe. 
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to carry out

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

Ex: The research team will carry out experiments to test the hypothesis and gather data. 
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to make
to make
[Verb]

to form, produce, or prepare something, by putting parts together or by combining materials

Ex: The students will make a model of the solar system for the science fair. 
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to prove
to prove
[Verb]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

Ex: He often proves his point through well-researched arguments. 
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pharmaceutical company

a company that develops, manufactures, advertises, distributes, or sells medications

Ex: The pharmaceutical company recently announced a breakthrough drug that could potentially cure a rare genetic disorder. 
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to do
to do
[Verb]

to perform an action that is not mentioned by name

Ex: What are you doing tomorrow? 
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to volunteer

to state or suggest something without being asked or told

Ex: She decided to volunteer her opinion on the project, even though no one had asked for input. 
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to volunteer

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

Ex: She decided to volunteer at the animal shelter to contribute to animal welfare. 
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clinical trial

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

Ex: The new drug is currently undergoing a clinical trial to assess its safety and efficacy. 
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laboratory

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

Ex: The chemistry students conducted experiments in the laboratory to study chemical reactions. 
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