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English File - Upper Intermediate - Lesson 10A

Here you will find the vocabulary from Lesson 10A in the English File Upper Intermediate coursebook, such as "scientific", "experiment", "astronomer", etc.

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English File - Upper Intermediate
science
science
[noun]

knowledge about the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, especially based on testing and proving facts

Ex: We explore the different branches of science, such as chemistry and astronomy .
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scientist
scientist
[noun]

someone whose job or education is about science

Ex: Some of the world 's most important discoveries were made by scientists.
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physics
physics
[noun]

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

Ex: His fascination with physics led him to pursue research in quantum mechanics .
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physician
physician
[noun]

a medical doctor who specializes in general medicine, not in surgery

Ex: The physician's bedside manner and communication skills are crucial in building trust with patients .
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physical
physical
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the study of energy, force, matter, heat, etc.

Ex: The teacher explained the concept of physical energy and how it is transferred in different forms , like heat and light .
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scientific
scientific
[Adjective]

relating to or based on the principles and methods of science

Ex: Evolutionary theory is supported by a vast body of scientific evidence from various disciplines , including biology , geology , and genetics .
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chemistry
chemistry
[noun]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

Ex: His passion for chemistry led him to pursue a degree in chemical engineering .
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chemical
chemical
[Adjective]

concerning or used in the scientific field of chemistry

Ex: The study of chemical kinetics examines the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that influence them.
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biology
biology
[noun]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

Ex: Understanding biology is crucial for addressing environmental and health-related challenges .
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biologist
biologist
[noun]

(biology) a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

Ex: The biologist worked in the lab to conduct experiments on how certain bacteria affect the human immune system .
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biological
biological
[Adjective]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

Ex: The study of anatomy and physiology is a fundamental aspect of biological science.
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astronomy
astronomy
[noun]

a branch of science that studies space, planets, etc.

Ex: The university offers a course in astronomy for students interested in space exploration .
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astronomer

a scientist who studies or observes planets, stars, and other happenings in the universe

Ex: Modern astronomers use computer simulations and mathematical models to predict celestial events and phenomena .
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astronomical
astronomical
[Adjective]

concerning or involving the scientific field of astronomy

Ex: Astronomical research contributes to our understanding of fundamental questions about the universe , such as its age and structure .
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genetics
genetics
[noun]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

Ex: Modern techniques in genetics allow for the editing of genes in living organisms .
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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

Ex: The geneticist collaborated with doctors to develop a gene therapy treatment for patients with genetic disorders .
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genetical
genetical
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the scientific field of genetics

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botany
botany
[noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The university offers a degree in botany with specializations in various plant sciences .
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botanist
botanist
[noun]

a student of or specialist in the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The botanist worked with conservationists to protect endangered plant species from habitat loss due to deforestation .
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botanical
botanical
[Adjective]

concerning or involving the study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: Botanical medicine utilizes plant-based remedies for various health purposes.
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zoology
zoology
[noun]

a branch of science that deals with animals

Ex: Zoology is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with ecology , genetics , and evolutionary biology .
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zoologist
zoologist
[noun]

a specialist in or student of the branch of science that deals with animals

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zoological
zoological
[Adjective]

involving or concerning the branch of science that deals with animals

Ex: The zoological team discovered a new species of frog during an expedition in the tropical rainforests of South America .
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clone
clone
[noun]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

Ex: By using a clone of the immune cells , the researchers aimed to develop a more effective treatment for the disease .
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discovery
discovery
[noun]

the act of finding something for the first time and before others

Ex: The discovery of a hidden chamber in the pyramid opened up new avenues of exploration for archaeologists .
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drug
drug
[noun]

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry continually researches and develops new drugs to address emerging health challenges and improve patient outcomes .
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to experiment

to do a scientific test on something or someone in order to find out the results

Ex: The scientists experiment to test their hypotheses .
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guinea pig

a small furry animal with rounded ears, short legs and no tail, which is often kept as a pet or for research

Ex: The guinea pig squeaked softly as it nibbled on a piece of lettuce in its cage .
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research
research
[noun]

a careful and systematic study of a subject to discover new facts or information about it

Ex: The team 's research on consumer behavior guided their marketing strategy for the new product .
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side effect

a result of a situation or action that was not meant to happen

Ex: The economy showed signs of recovery after the government implemented stimulus measures.
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test
test
[noun]

an examination that consists of a set of questions, exercises, or activities to measure someone’s knowledge, skill, or ability

Ex: The teacher will hand out the test papers at the beginning of the class.
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theory
theory
[noun]

a set of ideas intended to explain the reason behind the existence or occurrence of something

Ex: The students struggled to grasp the main idea behind the theory of relativity .
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to carry out

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

Ex: Before making a decision , it 's crucial to carry out a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed changes .
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to make
to make
[Verb]

to form, produce, or prepare something, by putting parts together or by combining materials

Ex: By connecting the wires , you make the circuit and allow electricity to flow .
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to prove
to prove
[Verb]

to show that something is true through the use of evidence or facts

Ex: The experiment regularly proves the hypothesis .
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pharmaceutical company

a company that develops, manufactures, advertises, distributes, or sells medications

Ex: The pharmaceutical company invested millions of dollars into the development of a vaccine to combat the emerging virus .
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to do
to do
[Verb]

to perform an action that is not mentioned by name

Ex: Is there anything that I can do for you?
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to volunteer

to state or suggest something without being asked or told

Ex: They asked her to volunteer her advice as a mentor for new employees .
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to volunteer

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

Ex: The group has recently volunteered at the local school to assist with educational programs .
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clinical trial

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

Ex: The clinical trial showed promising outcomes , with a significant improvement in patient recovery rates .
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laboratory

a place where people do scientific experiments, manufacture drugs, etc.

Ex: Food scientists work in laboratories to develop new food products and improve food safety standards .
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