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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (3)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (3) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
autonomy
autonomy
[noun]

the capacity to act independently and make decisions without undue influence

Ex: She sought autonomy in organizing her daily routine. 
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whenever
whenever
[Adverb]

at any time something happens

Ex: I try to eat healthy whenever possible. 
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to break down

(of a relationship, negotiation, etc.) to fail to function properly

Ex: The negotiations broke down after hours of intense debate. 
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custody
custody
[noun]

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

Ex: The court awarded full custody to the mother. 
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right
right
[noun]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

Ex: Everyone has the right to free speech. 
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over
over
[preposition]

used to express having power or influence in relation to something or someone

Ex: He had complete control over the budget. 
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normal
normal
[Adjective]

conforming to a standard or expected condition

Ex: It's normal to feel nervous before a big presentation. 
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growth
growth
[noun]

an increase in the amount, degree, importance, or size of something

Ex: The growth of the economy has been impressive this year. 
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agriculture

the practice and study of growing crops and raising animals for food or other products

Ex: Agriculture provides food for people around the world. 
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settled
settled
[Adjective]

fixed in a desired state or location, often implying a sense of permanence or stability

Ex: After years of travel, he felt settled in his quaint cottage by the lake. 
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in view of
in view of
[preposition]

considering a particular fact or circumstance

Ex: In view of the recent economic downturn, the company decided to postpone its expansion plans. 
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to assume
to assume
[Verb]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

Ex: She often assumes that everyone agrees with her perspective. 
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domination

the power or influence that one has over other things or people

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evolution
evolution
[noun]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

Ex: Evolution is the process by which species change over time in response to environmental pressures. 
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selfishly
selfishly
[Adverb]

in a way that shows concern only for oneself, often disregarding the needs or feelings of others

Ex: He selfishly kept all the credit for the team's success. 
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ruthlessly
ruthlessly
[Adverb]

in a way that shows no pity, compassion, or mercy

Ex: The dictator ruled ruthlessly, crushing all opposition. 
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likely
likely
[Adjective]

having a possibility of happening or being the case

Ex: The doctor believes it's likely that the patient will make a full recovery with proper treatment. 
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cooperation

the act of working together toward a common goal

Ex: The project's success depended on the cooperation between engineers and designers. 
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altruism
altruism
[noun]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

Ex: Donating money to charity to support those in need without expecting anything in return is an example of altruism. 
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peacefulness

a state that is calm and tranquil

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characteristic

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

Ex: Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices. 
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presumably
presumably
[Adverb]

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

Ex: She left the office early, presumably to attend a family event. 
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repeatedly
repeatedly
[Adverb]

in a manner that occurs multiple times

Ex: She asked the question repeatedly. 
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natural habitat

the environment where a plant or animal species normally lives and grows, with the conditions that suit its needs

Ex: The panda's natural habitat is the mountain forests of central China. 
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primate
primate
[noun]

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

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ape
ape
[noun]

a tailless animal similar to a monkey, such as chimpanzees and gorillas

Ex: The zoo has a new exhibit featuring various species of apes, including chimpanzees and gorillas. 
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gorilla
gorilla
[noun]

an African ape which has a large head and short neck that looks like a monkey with no tail

Ex: The gorilla sat calmly, observing its surroundings with a wise expression in its eyes. 
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to disrupt

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

Ex: The loud noise from the construction site disrupted their afternoon nap. 
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to tend
to tend
[Verb]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 
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hierarchical
hierarchical
[Adjective]

relating to a system that is organized based on social ranking or levels of authority

Ex: The hierarchical structure of the organization ensures clear lines of authority and responsibility. 
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advent
advent
[noun]

the arrival of a significant event, person, or thing that has been eagerly anticipated

Ex: The advent of the internet revolutionized how we communicate and access information. 
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sense
sense
[noun]

an overall, conscious recognition or understanding of a situation, feeling, or environment

Ex: She had the sense of being a political outsider. 
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individuality

the state of being distinct and unique, separate from others in characteristics or expression

Ex: His bold artistic style showcases his individuality and sets him apart from others. 
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separateness

the quality of being not alike; being distinct or different from that otherwise experienced or known

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ultimately
ultimately
[Adverb]

after doing or considering everything

Ex: After considering various options, they ultimately chose the most cost-effective solution for the project. 
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patriarchy

a broader social or political system in which men hold primary power and women are largely excluded from leadership, decision-making, or influence

Ex: The corporate world has historically been dominated by patriarchy. 
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at any rate
at any rate
[Adverb]

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

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feasible
feasible
[Adjective]

having the potential of being done successfully

Ex: The project manager determined that the proposed plan was feasible given the available resources and timeline. 
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adaptive
adaptive
[Adjective]

having a capacity for adaptation

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term
term
[noun]

a single word or group of words used to name or define something

Ex: The term "photosynthesis" refers to a biological process. 
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well
well
[Adverb]

quite likely to happen or be true

Ex: The situation could well get worse before it improves. 
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