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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (4)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (4) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to set out

to provide detailed and clear information or explanations, often in a written format

Ex: She set the plan out in a detailed report, outlining each step. 
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tendency
tendency
[noun]

a mental disposition or attitude that favors one option over others

Ex: There is a tendency to overestimate risks in new projects. 
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greedy
greedy
[Adjective]

having an excessive and intense desire for something, especially wealth, possessions, or power

Ex: The greedy businessman exploited his employees for profit, caring only about increasing his own wealth. 
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to hold
to hold
[Verb]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
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belief
belief
[noun]

a strong feeling of certainty that something or someone exists or is true; a strong feeling that something or someone is right or good

Ex: His belief in justice and equality guided his actions throughout his career. 
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manner
manner
[noun]

the way a person acts or behaves toward others

Ex: She has a calm manner that puts everyone at ease. 
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appeal
appeal
[noun]

the attraction and allure that makes one interesting

Ex: The movie's appeal lies in its powerful storyline. 
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to lie
to lie
[Verb]

to have its foundation in something, indicating the underlying cause, source, or essence

Ex: The appeal of the novel lies in its ability to explore profound philosophical questions through storytelling. 
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radical
radical
[Adjective]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

Ex: The scientist proposed a radical theory that challenged established beliefs. 
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due to
due to
[preposition]

as a result of a specific cause or reason

Ex: The flight delay was due to heavy fog at the airport. 
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to offer
to offer
[Verb]

to present or propose something to someone

Ex: She kindly offered her assistance to anyone in need. 
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to present

to show or give something to others for inspection, consideration, or approval

Ex: The CEO presented the company's quarterly earnings report to the board of directors for their review. 
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in line with
in line with
[preposition]

used to convey that someone or something is conforming to a particular standard, guideline, or expectation

Ex: The company's decision to raise employee salaries is in line with its commitment to fair compensation practices. 
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attitude
attitude
[noun]

the typical way a person thinks or feels about something or someone, often affecting their behavior and decisions

Ex: Her positive attitude towards challenges helped her overcome obstacles and achieve her goals. 
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innovative
innovative
[Adjective]

(of ideas, products, etc.) creative and unlike anything else that exists

Ex: The company is known for developing innovative solutions to common environmental challenges. 
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approach
approach
[noun]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

Ex: The teacher's approach to discipline focuses on positive reinforcement. 
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analysis
analysis
[noun]

a methodical examination of the whole structure of something and the relation between its components

Ex: The financial analysis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the company's budget. 
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complex
complex
[Adjective]

not easy to understand or analyze

Ex: The human brain is incredibly complex, with its functions still not fully understood. 
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relatively
relatively
[Adverb]

to a specific degree, particularly when compared to other similar things

Ex: The test was relatively easy compared to the last one. 
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plentiful
plentiful
[Adjective]

available in large quantity

Ex: In the forest, berries were plentiful, providing food for many animals. 
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inaccurate
inaccurate
[Adjective]

not precise or correct

Ex: His biography included several inaccurate details. 
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previously
previously
[Adverb]

before the present moment or a specific time

Ex: She had previously worked for a different company before joining the current one. 
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to refer
to refer
[Verb]

to mention something or someone particularly in speech or writing

Ex: During the presentation, the speaker referred to recent advancements in technology. 
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isolated
isolated
[Adjective]

(of a place or building) far away from any other place, building, or person

Ex: The isolated cabin in the mountains offered solitude and tranquility. 
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to exhibit

to show a particular trait or behavior prominently

Ex: The athlete exhibits determination by never giving up, even in the face of challenges. 
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to distribute

to share something between a large number of people

Ex: The charity organization distributes food to families in need every week. 
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fairly
fairly
[Adverb]

in a manner that is free from bias, favoritism, or injustice

Ex: The teacher graded the exams fairly. 
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moral
moral
[Adjective]

following the principles of wrong and right and behaving based on the ethical standards of a society

Ex: The moral leader always prioritized honesty and fairness in decision-making, setting a positive example for others to follow. 
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to employ
to employ
[Verb]

to make use of something for a particular purpose

Ex: The teacher employed visual aids to make the lesson more engaging. 
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custom
custom
[noun]

a way of behaving or of doing something that is widely accepted in a society or among a specific group of people

Ex: It is a custom in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house. 
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whereby
whereby
[conjunction]

used to indicate the means or method by which something is achieved or brought about

Ex: He devised a new system whereby employees could track their work hours online. 
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credit
credit
[noun]

formal approval, acknowledgment, or commendation

Ex: She received credit for her innovative idea. 
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to punish
to punish
[Verb]

to cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have

Ex: The court decided to punish the thief with a prison sentence for stealing. 
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to exclude

to force someone to leave or remove them from a place, group, or situation

Ex: The teacher had to exclude the disruptive student from the classroom. 
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considerable
considerable
[Adjective]

large in quantity, extent, or degree

Ex: The project required a considerable amount of funding to cover all expenses and ensure its success. 
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regarding
regarding
[preposition]

in relation to or concerning someone or something

Ex: He sent me an email regarding the meeting agenda. 
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mistaken
mistaken
[Adjective]

(of a person) wrong in one's judgment, opinion, or belief

Ex: She was mistaken about the date of the event and missed it. 
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warlike
warlike
[Adjective]

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

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advantage
advantage
[noun]

a condition that causes a person or thing to be more successful compared to others

Ex: His experience in digital marketing gave him a significant advantage over other job applicants. 
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cooperative
cooperative
[Adjective]

characterized by a willingness and ability to work harmoniously with others

Ex: She's always cooperative during group assignments. 
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to reveal
to reveal
[Verb]

to make information that was previously unknown or kept in secrecy publicly known

Ex: In her memoir, the author courageously revealed her struggles with mental illness. 
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link
link
[noun]

a relationship or connection between two or more things or people

Ex: There is a strong link between exercise and overall health. 
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emergence
emergence
[noun]

the process of gradually coming into existence

Ex: The emergence of eco-friendly technologies is an encouraging sign in the fight against climate change. 
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aggressive
aggressive
[Adjective]

behaving in an angry way and having a tendency to be violent

Ex: He became aggressive during arguments, raising his voice and making threatening gestures. 
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opposing
opposing
[Adjective]

characterized by active hostility

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