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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
unselfish
unselfish
[Adjective]

showing concern for the needs and happiness of others over one's own interests or benefits

Ex: They admired his unselfish devotion to his family .
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self-centred
self-centred
[Adjective]

focused on oneself and one's own needs, often disregarding the needs or feelings of others

Ex: She criticized him for being self-centred.
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assumption

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

Ex: The decision relied on the assumption that funding would be approved.
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apparently
apparently
[Adverb]

used to convey that something seems to be true based on the available evidence or information

Ex: The restaurant is apparently famous for its seafood dishes .
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ruthless
ruthless
[Adjective]

showing no mercy or compassion towards others in pursuit of one's goals

Ex: The ruthless criminal organization would stop at nothing to expand its influence .
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impulse
impulse
[noun]

a sudden strong urge or desire to do something, often without thinking or planning beforehand

Ex: She resisted the impulse to reply angrily to the criticism .
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to compete

to try to achieve a better result compared to that of other people or things

Ex: Students compete to get the highest grades in the class .
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to accumulate

to collect an increasing amount of something over time

Ex: She 's accumulating a vast collection of vintage records .
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power
power
[noun]

the ability to control or have an effect on things or people

Ex: The CEO has the power to make major decisions for the company .
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possession

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

Ex: Losing her possessions in the fire was devastating , but she was grateful that her family was safe .
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one another
one another
[pronoun]

used to refer to the reciprocal relationship or action between multiple people or things

Ex: The employees in the office support one another during busy times .
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ulterior
ulterior
[Adjective]

existing beyond what is readily apparent or visible, often intentionally hidden or concealed

Ex: She agreed to meet him for dinner but could n't shake the feeling that he had ulterior plans for wanting to see her again .
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motive
motive
[noun]

a reason or purpose behind someone's actions or behavior

Ex: The student 's motive for working hard was to earn a scholarship .
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to transcend

to go beyond a particular limit, quality, or standard, often in an exceptional way

Ex: Her recent work transcends all of her previous achievements .
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innate
innate
[Adjective]

(of a quality or skill) gained from the moment that one was born

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brutality
brutality
[noun]

the trait of extreme cruelty

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bleak
bleak
[Adjective]

(of situations) not giving any or much hope or encouragement

Ex: The bleak conditions of the deserted village told a story of hardship .
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human nature

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

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closely
closely
[Adverb]

in an affectionate or emotionally intimate way

Ex: The siblings remained closely bonded after their parents died .
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to associate

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

Ex: The color red is commonly associated with passion and intensity across various cultures .
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to justify

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

Ex: The government had to justify the allocation of funds to a particular project by outlining its potential benefits for the community .
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ethos
ethos
[noun]

the fundamental values and beliefs that influence and guide the behavior and attitudes of a person, group, or organization

Ex: The artist ’s work embodies the ethos of cultural expression and freedom .
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individualistic
individualistic
[Adjective]

marked by or expressing individuality

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prevalent
prevalent
[Adjective]

widespread or commonly occurring at a particular time or in a particular place

Ex: The prevalent opinion on the matter was in favor of change .
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with reference to
with reference to
[preposition]

used to indicate that something is being mentioned or discussed in relation to a particular subject, source, or context

Ex: The speaker made several important points with reference to climate change and its impact on coastal regions .
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field
field
[noun]

an area of activity or a subject of study

Ex: Her work in the field of environmental science has earned her numerous awards .
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evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjective]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

Ex: The evolutionary relationship between species can be inferred through comparative anatomy and DNA analysis .
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to theorize

to formulate a hypothesis to explain something, often as a starting point for further investigation or study

Ex: Based on market trends , the company has theorized that launching a new product line would attract a wider customer base .
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present-day
present-day
[Adjective]

existing or occurring in the current period

Ex: Comparing ancient traditions with present-day customs reveals how much cultures have evolved .
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trait
trait
[noun]

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, especially one that forms part of someone's personality or identity

Ex: His sense of humor was a trait that made him beloved by his friends .
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[Adjective]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

Ex: Researchers use carbon dating to determine the age of prehistoric artifacts .
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times
times
[noun]

a distinct period of history or culture, or a specific moment or duration of time

Ex: People lived differently in ancient times.
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to term
to term
[Verb]

to describe something using a specific word or phrase

Ex: Educators term the learning approach experiential learning when students actively engage in hands-on experiences .
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prehistory

the era in human history from which we have no written record

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to see
to see
[Verb]

to regard someone or something in a specific way

Ex: She sees herself as a leader who can inspire others .
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intense
intense
[Adjective]

very extreme or great

Ex: She felt an intense connection with the character in the novel .
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competition

the act of trying to achieve a goal by doing better than others who are also aiming for the same goal

Ex: There 's heated competition among airlines to offer the most competitive prices and services to travelers .
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brutal
brutal
[Adjective]

unpleasant or harsh in a way that is difficult to endure

Ex: The brutal truth about their financial situation was hard to accept .
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aggression

a disposition to behave aggressively

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ruthlessness

mercilessness characterized by a lack of pity

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bound
bound
[Adjective]

likely to happen or sure to experience something

Ex: He was bound to encounter challenges during his journey, given the difficult terrain.
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conflict
conflict
[noun]

an open clash or struggle between opposing groups or individuals

Ex: Conflicts between neighbors are sometimes resolved through mediation .
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rival
rival
[noun]

a person or entity competing against another for the same objective or superiority in a field

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gene
gene
[noun]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

Ex: The study revealed that some genes could influence intelligence .
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adaptedness

the ability or quality of being able to adjust or change to fit different situations or environments

Ex: Adaptedness is important for animals living in extreme environments.
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