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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
unselfish
unselfish
[Adjective]

showing concern for the needs and happiness of others over one's own interests or benefits

Ex: Her unselfish acts of kindness inspired everyone around her. 
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self-centred
self-centred
[Adjective]

focused on oneself and one's own needs, often disregarding the needs or feelings of others

Ex: He is too self-centred to notice anyone else's problems. 
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assumption

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

Ex: His assumption about the meeting time was incorrect. 
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apparently
apparently
[Adverb]

used to convey that something seems to be true based on the available evidence or information

Ex: He apparently left the office early today; his desk is empty. 
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ruthless
ruthless
[Adjective]

showing no mercy or compassion towards others in pursuit of one's goals

Ex: She climbed the corporate ladder by using ruthless tactics to eliminate her competitors. 
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impulse
impulse
[noun]

a sudden strong urge or desire to do something, often without thinking or planning beforehand

Ex: On an impulse, she bought the dress without checking the price. 
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to compete

to try to achieve a better result compared to that of other people or things

Ex: Researchers compete to publish their findings in prestigious journals. 
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to accumulate

to collect an increasing amount of something over time

Ex: Over the years, he has accumulated a vast collection of rare stamps from all over the world. 
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power
power
[noun]

the ability to control or have an effect on things or people

Ex: The king's power over his kingdom was absolute. 
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possession

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

Ex: As he packed his possessions into boxes, memories flooded back from years spent in the old house. 
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one another
one another
[pronoun]

used to refer to the reciprocal relationship or action between multiple people or things

Ex: The members of the team trust one another implicitly. 
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ulterior
ulterior
[Adjective]

existing beyond what is readily apparent or visible, often intentionally hidden or concealed

Ex: She suspected he had ulterior motives for offering to help her with the project, as he stood to gain personally from its success. 
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motive
motive
[noun]

a reason or purpose behind someone's actions or behavior

Ex: Revenge was suspected as the motive for the vandalism. 
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to transcend

to go beyond a particular limit, quality, or standard, often in an exceptional way

Ex: His achievements in the field of science are likely to transcend those of his predecessors. 
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innate
innate
[Adjective]

(of a quality or skill) gained from the moment that one was born

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brutality
brutality
[noun]

the trait of extreme cruelty

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bleak
bleak
[Adjective]

(of situations) not giving any or much hope or encouragement

Ex: The future looked bleak after the company announced layoffs. 
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human nature

the shared psychological attributes of humankind that are assumed to be shared by all human beings

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closely
closely
[Adverb]

in an affectionate or emotionally intimate way

Ex: The puppy bonded closely with its new owner. 
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to associate

to make a connection between someone or something and another in the mind

Ex: Many people associate the smell of freshly baked cookies with warmth and home. 
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to justify

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

Ex: She had to justify her choice to pursue a career in the arts to her parents, emphasizing her passion and long-term goals. 
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ethos
ethos
[noun]

the fundamental values and beliefs that influence and guide the behavior and attitudes of a person, group, or organization

Ex: The company’s ethos emphasizes innovation and sustainability. 
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individualistic
individualistic
[Adjective]

marked by or expressing individuality

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prevalent
prevalent
[Adjective]

widespread or commonly occurring at a particular time or in a particular place

Ex: In this region, malaria is prevalent during the rainy season. 
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with reference to
with reference to
[preposition]

used to indicate that something is being mentioned or discussed in relation to a particular subject, source, or context

Ex: With reference to your email, I would like to address a few points raised. 
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field
field
[noun]

an area of activity or a subject of study

Ex: She is an expert in the field of genetics. 
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evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjective]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
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to theorize

to formulate a hypothesis to explain something, often as a starting point for further investigation or study

Ex: Scientists theorized that the changes in temperature were causing the polar ice caps to melt more rapidly. 
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present-day
present-day
[Adjective]

existing or occurring in the current period

Ex: Present-day technology allows us to connect with anyone around the world in real time. 
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trait
trait
[noun]

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, especially one that forms part of someone's personality or identity

Ex: Honesty is one of her most admirable traits. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[Adjective]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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times
times
[noun]

a distinct period of history or culture, or a specific moment or duration of time

Ex: In medieval times, castles were centers of power. 
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to term
to term
[Verb]

to describe something using a specific word or phrase

Ex: The linguist termed the language phenomenon code-switching to describe the alternating use of two languages in conversation. 
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prehistory

the era in human history from which we have no written record

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to see
to see
[Verb]

to regard someone or something in a specific way

Ex: I see him as a reliable friend who I can always count on. 
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intense
intense
[Adjective]

very extreme or great

Ex: She felt intense excitement as she approached the finish line. 
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competition

the act of trying to achieve a goal by doing better than others who are also aiming for the same goal

Ex: There's intense competition among smartphone manufacturers to release the most innovative devices. 
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brutal
brutal
[Adjective]

unpleasant or harsh in a way that is difficult to endure

Ex: The brutal heat of the desert made it hard to travel. 
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aggression

a disposition to behave aggressively

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ruthlessness

mercilessness characterized by a lack of pity

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bound
bound
[Adjective]

likely to happen or sure to experience something

Ex: With the storm approaching, they were bound to face heavy rain and strong winds. 
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conflict
conflict
[noun]

an open clash or struggle between opposing groups or individuals

Ex: Riots erupted in the city following the conflict. 
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rival
rival
[noun]

a person or entity competing against another for the same objective or superiority in a field

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gene
gene
[noun]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

Ex: The gene responsible for eye color is inherited from both parents. 
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adaptedness

the ability or quality of being able to adjust or change to fit different situations or environments

Ex: The polar bear's thick fur shows its adaptedness to cold climates. 
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