المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - Religion

the study of religions and faiths

لاهوت

the quality of being linked with theology or the human spirit as opposed to material or physical items

الروحانية, بعد روحي

a religious group with beliefs or practices, especially extreme or unusual ones, that separate them from the rest of the people with the religion

طائفة, فرقة

a religious leader, especially a Muslim or Christian one

رجل دين, إمام

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

رجال الدين, الكهنة

a religious leader or teacher in Buddhism, Hinduism, or Sikhism

غورو, معلم

a priest or priestess serving as a mediator through whom the gods were thought to give their message in classical antiquity

أوراكل, أوراكل (كاهن/كاهنة)

a religious teacher, scholar, or leader of Judaism

حاخام

a place of worship and religious study for Jews

كنيس, معبد

a Mongolian or Tibetan Buddhist monk

لاما, راهب بوذي

a priest or minister who is in charge of a church

راعٍ, وزير

someone with beliefs against the doctrines of a particular religion

هرطقة

someone who is sent to a foreign country to teach and talk about religion, particularly to persuade others to become a member of the Christian Church

مبشر

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

وثني, وثنية

a title or a way of addressing clergymen

رَيْفَند, القسيس

a member of an Islamic sect that tries to become united with God through prayer, meditation, and living a simple and strict life

صوفي

someone who delivers spiritual speeches, often an associate of the clergy

واعظ, خطيب

a moral or religious speech, usually given during a church service

عظَة, خطبة

a speech or a piece of writing that is meant to advise people on the correct way of behaving

عظة

a person in some religions and cultures believed to be capable of contacting good and evil spirits and curing people of illnesses, especially in some cultures in northern Asia and North America

شامان

a follower of Sikhism

سيخ

a person belonging to an English religious group of the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted church rituals made simpler and who believed it was important to work hard and control oneself, while pleasure was unnecessary or even wrong

بوهيمي, بوهيمية

a religious person who travels to a sacred place for a holy cause

حاج, حاجة

(in Judaism) divinely sent king who will save the Jewish people

المسيح, مخلص

a person who lives a very simple life in solitude as a religious practice

ناسك, منقطع عن الناس

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

شهيد, مُعذَّب

any of the four books of the New Testament that is about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ

إنجيل, غوسبل

any one of the twelve disciples of Jesus

رسول

any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

رسالة, كتابة

someone who believes it is impossible to know whether God exists or not

اللّاأدري

someone who does not believe in the existence of God or gods

ملحد

a school of Mahayana Buddhism, originally formed in Japan, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition rather than reading religious scripts or ritual worship

زين, مدرسة زين

a religious cult involving witchcraft and the worship of spirits, especially common in parts of the Caribbean

فودو

(in Christianity) the concept of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

الثالوث, ثلاثية

the state in which a person or their spirit is delivered from their sins and saved by Christ

خلاص, نجاة

the return to life of Christ on the third day after his death on the cross, according to the New Testament

القيامة, قيامة المسيح

the act of disrespectfully treating a sacred item or place

تدنيس, إهانة المقدسات

a mass at which people honor and pray for the soul of a dead person, especially in the Roman Catholic Church

رَكْعَة, صلاة الجنازة

the belief that after someone’s death, their spirit comes back to life in the form of a new body, especially in Buddhism and Hinduism

تناسخ

a statement about events that have not yet occurred but are believed to be inevitable or possible, especially one made by a divine person

نبوة, تنبؤ