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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Religion

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o náboženství, jako jsou "duchovní", "pastor", "súfijec" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
theology
theology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of religions and faiths

teologie, nauka o náboženství

teologie, nauka o náboženství

Ex: She decided to study theology to better understand her faith. 
spirituality
spirituality
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of relating to the human spirit or religious matters rather than material things

duchovnost, duchovní život

duchovnost, duchovní život

Ex: Meditation can enhance a sense of spirituality. 
sect
sect
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious group with beliefs or practices, especially extreme or unusual ones, that separate them from the rest of the people with the religion

sekta

sekta

cleric
cleric
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of the clergy or a religious leader, often in charge of religious duties

kněz, duchovní

kněz, duchovní

Ex: The cleric led the congregation in prayer. 
clergy
clergy
[Podstatné jméno]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

duchovenstvo, klérus

duchovenstvo, klérus

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
guru
guru
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious leader or teacher in Buddhism, Hinduism, or Sikhism

guru, duchovní učitel

guru, duchovní učitel

Ex: She traveled to India to seek guidance from a renowned guru. 
oracle
oracle
[Podstatné jméno]

a priest or priestess serving as a mediator through whom the gods were thought to give their message in classical antiquity

orákulum, věštec

orákulum, věštec

rabbi
rabbi
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious teacher, scholar, or leader of Judaism

rabín, učitel

rabín, učitel

Ex: The rabbi led the prayers in the synagogue. 
synagogue
synagogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a place of worship and religious study for Jews

synagoga, židovské místo uctívání

synagoga, židovské místo uctívání

Ex: The synagogue was beautifully decorated for the High Holidays, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere for worshippers. 
lama
lama
[Podstatné jméno]

a Mongolian or Tibetan Buddhist monk

láma, tibetský nebo mongolský buddhistický mnich

láma, tibetský nebo mongolský buddhistický mnich

Ex: The lama offered blessings to the villagers. 
pastor
pastor
[Podstatné jméno]

a priest or minister who is in charge of a church

pastor, kněz

pastor, kněz

Ex: The pastor delivered a powerful sermon that resonated with the entire congregation. 
heretic
heretic
[Podstatné jméno]

someone with beliefs against the doctrines of a particular religion

kacíř

kacíř

Ex: The church labeled him a heretic for his unconventional views. 
missionary
missionary
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is sent to a foreign country to teach and talk about religion, particularly to persuade others to become a member of the Christian Church

misionář

misionář

Ex: The missionary spent years in remote villages, sharing the teachings of Christianity with the local people. 
pagan
pagan
[Podstatné jméno]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

pohan, polyteista

pohan, polyteista

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
Reverend
Reverend
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of the Christian clergy who serves as a spiritual leader

duchovní, pastor

duchovní, pastor

Ex: The Reverend delivered a sermon on Sunday. 
sufi
sufi
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of an Islamic sect that tries to become united with God through prayer, meditation, and living a simple and strict life

súfí, člen islámské sekty

súfí, člen islámské sekty

preacher
preacher
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who delivers religious messages or sermons to a congregation

kazatel, kněz

kazatel, kněz

Ex: The preacher spoke about forgiveness during the service. 
sermon
sermon
[Podstatné jméno]

a moral or religious speech, usually given during a church service

kázání, náboženská řeč

kázání, náboženská řeč

homily
homily
[Podstatné jméno]

a short moral lecture, offering advice on behavior

homilie, kázání

homilie, kázání

Ex: The priest gave a homily about forgiveness during Sunday service. 
shaman
shaman
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in some religions and cultures believed to be capable of contacting good and evil spirits and curing people of illnesses, especially in some cultures in northern Asia and North America

šaman, léčitel

šaman, léčitel

sikh
sikh
[Podstatné jméno]

a follower of Sikhism

sikh, stoupenec sikhismu

sikh, stoupenec sikhismu

puritan
puritan
[Podstatné jméno]

a person belonging to an English religious group of the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted church rituals made simpler and who believed it was important to work hard and control oneself, while pleasure was unnecessary or even wrong

puritán, člen puritánské sekty

puritán, člen puritánské sekty

pilgrim
pilgrim
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious person who travels to a sacred place for a holy cause

poutník, poutnice

poutník, poutnice

Ex: Every year, thousands of pilgrims travel to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage. 
messiah
messiah
[Podstatné jméno]

(in Judaism) divinely sent king who will save the Jewish people

mesiáš, spasitel

mesiáš, spasitel

Ex: The people hoped the messiah would come soon. 
hermit
hermit
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who lives a very simple life in solitude as a religious practice

poustevník, samotář

poustevník, samotář

Ex: The hermit lived deep in the forest, away from the distractions of the world, devoting himself to prayer and meditation. 
martyr
martyr
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

mučedník, mučednice

mučedník, mučednice

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
Gospel
Gospel
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the four books of the New Testament that is about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ

evangelium, gospel

evangelium, gospel

Ex: She studied the Gospel of Matthew in her Bible study group. 
apostle
apostle
[Podstatné jméno]

any one of the twelve disciples of Jesus

apoštol

apoštol

Ex: Peter, also known as Simon Peter, was one of the apostles of Jesus and is often regarded as the leader among them. 
epistle
epistle
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

list, apoštolský list

list, apoštolský list

Ex: Paul's epistle to the Romans is a foundational text in Christian theology. 
agnostic
agnostic
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who believes it is impossible to know whether God exists or not

agnostik, agnostická osoba

agnostik, agnostická osoba

Ex: As an agnostic, she prefers to keep questions of faith open. 
atheist
atheist
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who does not believe in the existence of God or gods

ateista, nevěřící

ateista, nevěřící

Ex: The atheist preferred scientific explanations over religious beliefs. 
Zen
Zen
[Podstatné jméno]

a school of Mahayana Buddhism, originally formed in Japan, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition rather than reading religious scripts or ritual worship

zen, zen buddhismus

zen, zen buddhismus

Ex: She practices Zen to find inner peace and clarity. 
voodoo
voodoo
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious cult involving witchcraft and the worship of spirits, especially common in parts of the Caribbean

voodoo, voodoo kult

voodoo, voodoo kult

the Trinity
the Trinity
[Podstatné jméno]

(in Christianity) the concept of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

Trojice, Nejsvětější Trojice

Trojice, Nejsvětější Trojice

Ex: The pastor explained the concept of the Trinity during the sermon. 
salvation
salvation
[Podstatné jméno]

(Christian theology) the deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed to be brought about by faith in Christ

spása, vykoupení

spása, vykoupení

Ex: The preacher spoke about finding salvation through repentance and faith. 
resurrection
resurrection
[Podstatné jméno]

the return to life of Christ on the third day after his death on the cross, according to the New Testament

vzkříšení, znovuzrození

vzkříšení, znovuzrození

Ex: Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ on Easter Sunday, commemorating his victory over death and sin. 
sacrilege
sacrilege
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of disrespectfully treating a sacred item or place

svatokrádež, znesvěcení

svatokrádež, znesvěcení

Ex: Vandalizing a place of worship is considered a sacrilege by many religious communities. 
requiem
requiem
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass at which people honor and pray for the soul of a dead person, especially in the Roman Catholic Church

requiem

requiem

reincarnation
reincarnation
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that after someone’s death, their spirit comes back to life in the form of a new body, especially in Buddhism and Hinduism

reinkarnace, znovuzrození

reinkarnace, znovuzrození

Ex: Many people believe in reincarnation as a cycle of rebirth. 
prophecy
prophecy
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement about events that have not yet occurred but are believed to be inevitable or possible, especially one made by a divine person

proroctví, předpověď

proroctví, předpověď

Ex: The prophecy foretold that the chosen one would come and defeat the dark lord plaguing their people. 
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