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الأكاديمي IELTS (النطاق 6-7) - Philosophy

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

التجريبية

التجريبية

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[اسم]
relativism

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

نسبية

نسبية

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[اسم]
existentialism

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

الوجودية

الوجودية

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[اسم]
causality

the relationship between a cause and its effect

سببية

سببية

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[اسم]
materialism

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

المادية

المادية

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[اسم]
skepticism

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

شكّ

شكّ

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cynicism

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

تشاؤم

تشاؤم

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[اسم]
ethics

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

أخلاق

أخلاق

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virtue

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

فضيلة, أخلاق

فضيلة, أخلاق

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dialectic

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

جدلية

جدلية

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idealism

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

مثالية, مثالية

مثالية, مثالية

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rationalism

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

العقلانية

العقلانية

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[اسم]
humanism

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

إنسانية

إنسانية

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[اسم]
logic

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

منطق

منطق

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dualism

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

الثنائية

الثنائية

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aesthetics

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

علم الجمال

علم الجمال

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mechanism

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

آلية, آلية فلسفية

آلية, آلية فلسفية

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[اسم]
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