الأكاديمي IELTS (النطاق 6-7) - Philosophy

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

التجريبية

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

نسبية

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

الوجودية

the relationship between a cause and its effect

سببية

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

المادية

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

شكّ

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

تشاؤم

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

أخلاق

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

فضيلة

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

جدلية

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

مثالية

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

العقلانية

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

إنسانية

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

منطق

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

الثنائية

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

علم الجمال

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

آلية