مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 6-7) - الفلسفة

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

the relationship between a cause and its effect

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

moral goodness or excellence in a person's character or conduct

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

the study of the principles and methods used to distinguish valid reasoning from invalid reasoning

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations