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Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 6-7) - Philosophy

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till Filosofi som är nödvändiga för det akademiska IELTS-provet.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism
[Substantiv]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirism, experimentalism

empirism, experimentalism

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .Kritiker av **empirism** hävdar att det kan förbise betydelsen av a priori kunskap och de medfödda strukturerna i sinnet som påverkar hur vi uppfattar och tolkar erfarenheter.
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relativism
[Substantiv]

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativism, kulturell relativism

relativism, kulturell relativism

Ex: Historicism , a form of relativism, emphasizes that historical events and ideas must be understood within the context of their time .**Historism**, en form av **relativism**, betonar att historiska händelser och idéer måste förstås inom ramen för sin tid.
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existentialism
[Substantiv]

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existentialism

existentialism

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causality
[Substantiv]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

kausalitet, orsak-verkan-förhållande

kausalitet, orsak-verkan-förhållande

Ex: The experiment was designed to test the causality of environmental factors on plant growth .Experimentet var utformat för att testa **kausaliteten** av miljöfaktorer på växttillväxt.
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materialism
[Substantiv]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialism, materialistisk filosofi

materialism, materialistisk filosofi

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skepticism
[Substantiv]

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

skepticism

skepticism

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cynicism
[Substantiv]

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cynism, skepticism

cynism, skepticism

Ex: While some view cynicism as a protective mechanism against disappointment and deceit , others argue that it can foster negativity and inhibit genuine connection and cooperation .Medan vissa ser **cynism** som en skyddsmekanism mot besvikelse och bedrägeri, hävdar andra att det kan främja negativitet och hämma äkta förbindelse och samarbete.
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ethics
[Substantiv]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

etik

etik

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virtue
[Substantiv]

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

dygd, egenskap

dygd, egenskap

Ex: Many cultures teach that humility is a key virtue.Många kulturer lär att ödmjukhet är en nyckel**dygd**.
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dialectic
[Substantiv]

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektik, dialektisk metod

dialektik, dialektisk metod

Ex: The dialectic process involves thesis , antithesis , and synthesis , where conflicting ideas are confronted and reconciled to arrive at a higher truth .Den **dialektiska** processen innebär tes, antites och syntes, där motstridiga idéer konfronteras och försonas för att nå en högre sanning.
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idealism
[Substantiv]

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealism, tro på idéers förrang

idealism, tro på idéers förrang

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rationalism
[Substantiv]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

rationalism, rationalismen

rationalism, rationalismen

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humanism
[Substantiv]

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanism, humanismen

humanism, humanismen

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logic
[Substantiv]

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

logik

logik

Ex: Some debate topics require a strong foundation in logic to ensure the arguments presented are coherent and valid .Vissa debattämnen kräver en stark grund i **logik** för att säkerställa att de presenterade argumenten är sammanhängande och giltiga.
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dualism
[Substantiv]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualism, dualismsläran

dualism, dualismsläran

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .Genus**dualism** utforskar den binära klassificeringen av könsroller och identiteter i manliga och kvinnliga kategorier.
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aesthetics
[Substantiv]

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estetik

estetik

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mechanism
[Substantiv]

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mekanism, mekanik

mekanism, mekanik

Ex: Mechanism is contrasted with vitalism , which posits the existence of a vital force or essence beyond physical and chemical processes .**Mekanismen** ställs i kontrast till vitalismen, som postulerar existensen av en vital kraft eller essens bortom fysiska och kemiska processer.
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Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 6-7)
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