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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Philosophy

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang salitang Ingles na nauugnay sa Pilosopiya na kinakailangan para sa pagsusulit sa Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism
[Pangngalan]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

Empirisismo, Empirisismo

Empirisismo, Empirisismo

Ex: Critics empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .
relativism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativismo, paghihinuha

relativismo, paghihinuha

Ex: Historicism , a form relativism, emphasizes that historical events and ideas must be understood within the context of their time .
existentialism
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

eksistensyalismo, eksistensiyalismo

eksistensyalismo, eksistensiyalismo

causality
[Pangngalan]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

kawing na sanhi at bunga, kausalidad

kawing na sanhi at bunga, kausalidad

Ex: The experiment was designed to test causality of environmental factors on plant growth .
materialism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materyalismo, materialismo

materyalismo, materialismo

skepticism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

sceptisismo, paghuhumaling

sceptisismo, paghuhumaling

cynicism
[Pangngalan]

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

sinekismo, sinasabing masama ang hangarin

sinekismo, sinasabing masama ang hangarin

Ex: While some cynicism as a protective mechanism against disappointment and deceit , others argue that it can foster negativity and inhibit genuine connection and cooperation .
ethics
[Pangngalan]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

etika, moralidad

etika, moralidad

virtue
[Pangngalan]

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

Ex: Many cultures teach that humility is a virtue.
dialectic
[Pangngalan]

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektika, tuwid na pag-uusap

dialektika, tuwid na pag-uusap

Ex: dialectic process involves thesis , antithesis , and synthesis , where conflicting ideas are confronted and reconciled to arrive at a higher truth .
idealism
[Pangngalan]

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

ideyalismo, ideyalistikong pananaw

ideyalismo, ideyalistikong pananaw

rationalism
[Pangngalan]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

rasyonalismo, pangangatwiran

rasyonalismo, pangangatwiran

humanism
[Pangngalan]

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

pagsasakatawan ng tao, humanismo

pagsasakatawan ng tao, humanismo

logic
[Pangngalan]

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

lohika, kasaysayan ng pangangatwiran

lohika, kasaysayan ng pangangatwiran

Ex: Some debate topics require a strong foundation logic to ensure the arguments presented are coherent and valid .
dualism
[Pangngalan]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

duwalismo, dobleng prinsipyo

duwalismo, dobleng prinsipyo

Ex: dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .
aesthetics
[Pangngalan]

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estetika, aesthetics

estetika, aesthetics

mechanism
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mekanismo, mekanikal na pananaw

mekanismo, mekanikal na pananaw

Ex: Mechanism is contrasted with vitalism , which posits the existence of a vital force or essence beyond physical and chemical processes .
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