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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Philosophy

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa Pilosopiya na kailangan para sa Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism
[Pangngalan]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirisismo, eksperimentalismo

empirisismo, eksperimentalismo

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .Ang mga kritiko ng **empiricism** ay nagtatalo na maaari itong magwalang-bahala sa kahalagahan ng a priori na kaalaman at ang likas na mga istruktura ng isip na nakakaimpluwensya sa kung paano natin napaghahalata at binibigyang-kahulugan ang mga karanasan.
relativism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relatibismo, relatibidad pangkultura

relatibismo, relatibidad pangkultura

Ex: Historicism , a form of relativism, emphasizes that historical events and ideas must be understood within the context of their time .Ang **historisisismo**, isang anyo ng **relatibismo**, ay nagbibigay-diin na ang mga makasaysayang pangyayari at ideya ay dapat maunawaan sa loob ng konteksto ng kanilang panahon.
existentialism
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

eksistensyalismo

eksistensyalismo

causality
[Pangngalan]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

kasalidad, relasyon ng sanhi at epekto

kasalidad, relasyon ng sanhi at epekto

Ex: The experiment was designed to test the causality of environmental factors on plant growth .Ang eksperimento ay dinisenyo upang subukan ang **kasalidad** ng mga environmental factor sa paglago ng halaman.
materialism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materyalismo, pilosopiyang materyalista

materyalismo, pilosopiyang materyalista

skepticism
[Pangngalan]

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

esceptisismo

esceptisismo

cynicism
[Pangngalan]

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

sinismo, paghihinala

sinismo, paghihinala

Ex: While some view cynicism as a protective mechanism against disappointment and deceit , others argue that it can foster negativity and inhibit genuine connection and cooperation .Habang ang ilan ay tumitingin sa **sinisismo** bilang isang proteksiyon na mekanismo laban sa pagkabigo at panlilinlang, ang iba ay nangangatwiran na maaari itong magpalaganap ng negatibidad at pumigil sa tunay na koneksyon at kooperasyon.
ethics
[Pangngalan]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

etika

etika

virtue
[Pangngalan]

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

birtud, katangian

birtud, katangian

Ex: Many cultures teach that humility is a key virtue.Maraming kultura ang nagtuturo na ang kababaang-loob ay isang pangunahing **birtud**.
dialectic
[Pangngalan]

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektika, pamamaraang dialektikal

dialektika, pamamaraang dialektikal

Ex: The dialectic process involves thesis , antithesis , and synthesis , where conflicting ideas are confronted and reconciled to arrive at a higher truth .Ang prosesong **dialektiko** ay nagsasangkot ng tesis, antithesis, at synthesis, kung saan ang magkasalungat na ideya ay hinaharap at pinagkakasundo upang makarating sa isang mas mataas na katotohanan.
idealism
[Pangngalan]

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealismo, paniniwala sa pangunguna ng mga ideya

idealismo, paniniwala sa pangunguna ng mga ideya

rationalism
[Pangngalan]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

rasyonalismo, ang rasyonalismo

rasyonalismo, ang rasyonalismo

humanism
[Pangngalan]

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanismo, ang humanismo

humanismo, ang humanismo

logic
[Pangngalan]

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

lohika

lohika

Ex: Some debate topics require a strong foundation in logic to ensure the arguments presented are coherent and valid .Ang ilang mga paksa ng debate ay nangangailangan ng matibay na pundasyon sa **lohika** upang matiyak na ang mga argumentong iniharap ay magkakaugnay at wasto.
dualism
[Pangngalan]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

duwalismo, ang doktrina ng duwalismo

duwalismo, ang doktrina ng duwalismo

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .Ang **dualismong** kasarian ay nag-aaral sa binary classification ng mga papel at pagkakakilanlan ng kasarian sa mga kategoryang lalaki at babae.
aesthetics
[Pangngalan]

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estetika

estetika

mechanism
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mekanismo, mekanika

mekanismo, mekanika

Ex: Mechanism is contrasted with vitalism , which posits the existence of a vital force or essence beyond physical and chemical processes .Ang **mekanismo** ay kinokontra sa vitalismo, na nagpapalagay ng pagkakaroon ng isang vital na puwersa o esensya na lampas sa pisikal at kemikal na mga proseso.
Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 6-7)
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