Akademický IELTS (Pásmo 6-7) - Philosophy

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirismus

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativismus

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existencialismus

the relationship between a cause and its effect

kauzalita

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismus

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

skepticismus

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cynismus

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

etika

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

cnost, moralnost

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektika

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealismus, idealismus

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismus

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanismus

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

logika

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismus

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estetika

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mechanismus, filozofický mechanismus