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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Philosophie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la Philosophie qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirisme

empirisme

Ex: Empiricism emphasizes observation over speculation. 

L'empirisme met l'accent sur l'observation plutôt que sur la spéculation.

relativism

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativisme, relativité culturelle

relativisme, relativité culturelle

Ex: Epistemic relativism posits that knowledge and truth are subjective and depend on individual or cultural viewpoints. 

Le relativisme épistémique postule que la connaissance et la vérité sont subjectives et dépendent des points de vue individuels ou culturels.

existentialism

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existentialisme

existentialisme

causality

the relationship between a cause and its effect

causalité

causalité

Ex: The study aimed to establish the causality of the new treatment's effectiveness. 

L'étude visait à établir la causalité de l'efficacité du nouveau traitement.

materialism

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

matérialisme

matérialisme

skepticism

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

scepticisme

scepticisme

cynicism

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

scepticisme

scepticisme

Ex: The teacher was disheartened by the cynicism of her students who believed all adults were out to get them. 

L'enseignante était découragée par le cynisme de ses élèves qui croyaient que tous les adultes étaient contre eux.

ethics
ethics
[nom]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

morales

morales

virtue
virtue
[nom]

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

vertu

vertu

Ex: She admired his honesty and other virtues. 

Elle admirait son honnêteté et ses autres vertus.

dialectic

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

dialectique

dialectique

Ex: Socratic dialectic involves questioning to guide students toward truth. 

La dialectique socratique implique un questionnement pour guider les étudiants vers la vérité.

idealism

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idéalisme

idéalisme

rationalism

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

rationalisme

rationalisme

humanism

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanisme

humanisme

logic
logic
[nom]

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

logique

logique

Ex: The ancient Greeks, especially Aristotle, made significant contributions to the field of logic. 

Les anciens Grecs, en particulier Aristote, ont apporté des contributions significatives au domaine de la logique.

dualism
dualism
[nom]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualisme, la doctrine du dualisme

dualisme, la doctrine du dualisme

Ex: Substance dualism holds that the mind and body are composed of different fundamental substances, such as mental and physical substances. 

Le dualisme de substance soutient que l'esprit et le corps sont composés de substances fondamentales différentes, telles que les substances mentales et physiques.

aesthetics

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

esthétique

esthétique

mechanism

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mécanisme, mécanique

mécanisme, mécanique

Ex: Cartesian mechanism, associated with René Descartes, posits that animals are automata, operating according to mechanical principles without consciousness. 

Le mécanisme cartésien, associé à René Descartes, postule que les animaux sont des automates, fonctionnant selon des principes mécaniques sans conscience.

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