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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Filosofía

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Filosofía que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism
empiricism
[Sustantivo]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirismo

empirismo

Ex: The theory reflects empiricism in its insistence on evidence from experience. 

La teoría refleja el empirismo en su insistencia en la evidencia proveniente de la experiencia.

relativism
relativism
[Sustantivo]

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativismo, relatividad cultural

relativismo, relatividad cultural

Ex: Moral relativism contends that ethical principles are not universally applicable but are shaped by cultural, historical, or personal factors. 

El relativismo moral sostiene que los principios éticos no son universalmente aplicables, sino que están moldeados por factores culturales, históricos o personales.

existentialism
existentialism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existencialismo

existencialismo

causality
causality
[Sustantivo]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

causalidad

causalidad

Ex: Establishing causality in social sciences often involves complex statistical analysis. 

Establecer la causalidad en las ciencias sociales a menudo implica un análisis estadístico complejo.

materialism
materialism
[Sustantivo]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismo

materialismo

skepticism
skepticism
[Sustantivo]

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

escepticismo

escepticismo

cynicism
cynicism
[Sustantivo]

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cinismo

cinismo

Ex: Cynicism often leads individuals to question the sincerity of others' actions, suspecting that ulterior motives drive even the most seemingly altruistic behaviors. 

El cinismo a menudo lleva a las personas a cuestionar la sinceridad de las acciones de los demás, sospechando que motivos ocultos impulsan incluso los comportamientos aparentemente más altruistas.

ethics
ethics
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

ética

ética

virtue
virtue
[Sustantivo]

a positive moral quality or admirable trait in a person

virtud

virtud

Ex: Hard work and perseverance are important virtues in life. 

El trabajo duro y la perseverancia son virtudes importantes en la vida.

dialectic
dialectic
[Sustantivo]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

dialéctica

dialéctica

Ex: Debates in the seminar followed a strict dialectic format. 

Los debates en el seminario seguían un formato dialéctico estricto.

idealism
idealism
[Sustantivo]

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealismo

idealismo

rationalism
rationalism
[Sustantivo]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismo

racionalismo

humanism
humanism
[Sustantivo]

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanismo

humanismo

logic
logic
[Sustantivo]

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

lógica

lógica

Ex: Some debate topics require a strong foundation in logic to ensure the arguments presented are coherent and valid. 

Algunos temas de debate requieren una base sólida en lógica para garantizar que los argumentos presentados sean coherentes y válidos.

dualism
dualism
[Sustantivo]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismo, la doctrina del dualismo

dualismo, la doctrina del dualismo

Ex: Epistemological dualism asserts a fundamental distinction between the realms of knowledge, separating subjective experiences from objective reality. 

El dualismo epistemológico afirma una distinción fundamental entre los ámbitos del conocimiento, separando las experiencias subjetivas de la realidad objetiva.

aesthetics
aesthetics
[Sustantivo]

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estética

estética

mechanism
mechanism
[Sustantivo]

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mecanismo, mecánica

mecanismo, mecánica

Ex: Newtonian physics influenced the development of mechanism by providing a deterministic framework for understanding the physical world. 

La física newtoniana influyó en el desarrollo del mecanismo al proporcionar un marco determinista para comprender el mundo físico.

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