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Vocabulário para IELTS Academic (Pontuação 6-7) - Filosofia

Aqui, você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à Filosofia que são necessárias para o exame acadêmico do IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
empiricism
empiricism
[substantivo]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirismo, empirismo

empirismo, empirismo

Ex: She studied empiricism to understand the roots of modern science. 

Ela estudou empirismo para compreender as raízes da ciência moderna.

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relativism
relativism
[substantivo]

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

relativismo, relatividade cultural

relativismo, relatividade cultural

Ex: Historicism, a form of relativism, emphasizes that historical events and ideas must be understood within the context of their time. 

O historicismo, uma forma de relativismo, enfatiza que os eventos e ideias históricos devem ser entendidos dentro do contexto de seu tempo.

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existentialism
existentialism
[substantivo]

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

existencialismo

existencialismo

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causality
causality
[substantivo]

the relationship between a cause and its effect

causalidade, relação causa-efeito

causalidade, relação causa-efeito

Ex: The experiment was designed to test the causality of environmental factors on plant growth. 

O experimento foi projetado para testar a causalidade dos fatores ambientais no crescimento das plantas.

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materialism
materialism
[substantivo]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismo, filosofia materialista

materialismo, filosofia materialista

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skepticism
skepticism
[substantivo]

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

ceticismo

ceticismo

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cynicism
cynicism
[substantivo]

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cinismo, ceticismo

cinismo, ceticismo

Ex: While some view cynicism as a protective mechanism against disappointment and deceit, others argue that it can foster negativity and inhibit genuine connection and cooperation. 

Enquanto alguns veem o cinismo como um mecanismo de proteção contra decepção e decepção, outros argumentam que ele pode fomentar a negatividade e inibir a conexão e cooperação genuínas.

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ethics
ethics
[substantivo]

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

ética

ética

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virtue
virtue
[substantivo]

moral goodness or excellence in a person's character or conduct

virtude, excelência

virtude, excelência

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of virtue in both private and public life. 
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dialectic
dialectic
[substantivo]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

dialética, método dialético

dialética, método dialético

Ex: Debates in the seminar followed a strict dialectic format. 

Os debates no seminário seguiram um formato dialético rigoroso.

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idealism
idealism
[substantivo]

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

idealismo, crença na primazia das ideias

idealismo, crença na primazia das ideias

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rationalism
rationalism
[substantivo]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismo, o racionalismo

racionalismo, o racionalismo

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humanism
humanism
[substantivo]

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

humanismo, o humanismo

humanismo, o humanismo

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logic
logic
[substantivo]

the study of the principles and methods used to distinguish valid reasoning from invalid reasoning

lógica

lógica

Ex: Formal logic examines whether conclusions follow correctly from given premises. 
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dualism
dualism
[substantivo]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismo, a doutrina do dualismo

dualismo, a doutrina do dualismo

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories. 

O dualismo de gênero explora a classificação binária dos papéis e identidades de gênero em categorias masculinas e femininas.

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aesthetics
aesthetics
[substantivo]

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

estética

estética

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mechanism
mechanism
[substantivo]

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

mecanismo, mecânica

mecanismo, mecânica

Ex: Newtonian physics influenced the development of mechanism by providing a deterministic framework for understanding the physical world. 
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