قائمة كلمات المستوى C2 - History

a manuscript that was written on, erased, and written on again and again, while the previous text was still partially visible

a young servant or attendant, usually a boy, in a noble or royal household during medieval and Renaissance times, responsible for various tasks and receiving education in chivalry

a system of writing using symbols or pictures, originally used by the ancient Egyptians

a rowing ship used in ancient and medieval times, known for its long, slender design and multiple rows of oars, often employed in naval warfare and trade

a period in Western Europe (1871-1914) marked by peace, optimism, and cultural growth

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

the lineage or ancestry of a person, tracing their familial relationships and connections through multiple generations

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

a medieval military expedition by European Christians to reclaim or defend Christian territories in the Holy Land

the process by which colonies or territories gain independence from colonial rule

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen