فهرست واژگان سطح C2 - History

a manuscript that was written on, erased, and written on again and again, while the previous text was still partially visible

(in medieval times) a young boy serving as an attendant to a knight, beginning training for knighthood

a system of writing using symbols or pictures, originally used by the ancient Egyptians

a large medieval Mediterranean vessel, typically with a single deck, propelled by sails and oars, armed at bow and stern, and manned by up to 1,000 men, used for war and trade

a period in Western Europe (1871-1914) marked by peace, optimism, and cultural growth

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

the lineage or ancestry of a person, tracing their familial relationships and connections through multiple generations

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

a medieval military expedition by European Christians to reclaim or defend Christian territories in the Holy Land

the process by which colonies or territories gain independence from colonial rule

a person belonging to a people or group regarded as uncivilized, foreign, or outside the dominant culture

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen