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C2 Level Wordlist - History

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about History, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary

a manuscript that was written on, erased, and written on again and again, while the previous text was still partially visible

Ex: The parchment manuscript was a palimpsest, with faded ink and faint traces of erased writing, making it a challenging puzzle for historians and researchers to decipher.
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page
[noun]

a young servant or attendant, usually a boy, in a noble or royal household during medieval and Renaissance times, responsible for various tasks and receiving education in chivalry

Ex: A page's duties might include caring for the lord 's falcon or assisting in the lord 's private library .
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a system of writing using symbols or pictures, originally used by the ancient Egyptians

Ex: Museum experts were called to interpret the hieroglyphics on the newly discovered artifact .
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galley
[noun]

a rowing ship used in ancient and medieval times, known for its long, slender design and multiple rows of oars, often employed in naval warfare and trade

Ex: The transition from galleys to sailing ships marked a significant shift in naval technology during the Age of Exploration .
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a period in Western Europe (1871-1914) marked by peace, optimism, and cultural growth

Ex: The outbreak of World War I in 1914 brought an end to the Belle Époque, as the optimism and prosperity of the era gave way to the devastation and upheaval of the Great War.
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zeitgeist
[noun]

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about a zeitgeist of urbanization and industrialization , as rural populations migrated to cities in search of work and new technologies transformed society and the economy .
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genealogy
[noun]

the lineage or ancestry of a person, tracing their familial relationships and connections through multiple generations

Ex: The genealogy chart displayed our family 's lineage dating back several centuries .
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relic
[noun]

an object or part of an object surviving from the past, typically with historical or emotional value, often linked to a person, event, or era

Ex: The worn-out baseball glove , a relic from my youth , brings back memories of summer games with my friends .
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antiquity
[noun]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .
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crusade
[noun]

a medieval military expedition by European Christians to reclaim or defend Christian territories in the Holy Land

Ex: The Crusades had significant historical and cultural impacts on the relationships between the Christian West and the Muslim East.
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the process by which colonies or territories gain independence from colonial rule

Ex: Latin American nations achieved decolonisation through a series of independence movements in the 19th century.
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barbarian
[noun]

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

Ex: The term "barbarian" was often used by colonial powers to justify their conquest and domination of indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
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tsar
[noun]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

Ex: The term "tsar" is derived from the Latin word " Caesar " and is equivalent to the title of " emperor " in other European monarchies .
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to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

Ex: The journalist chronicles the political upheavals of the past century in her investigative report .
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the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Ex: The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is held every two years, providing leaders of member states with the opportunity to discuss and address issues of common concern.
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C2 Level Wordlist
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