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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Mga Legal na Bagay

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
to attest
[Pandiwa]

to establish the truth of something by providing evidence or testimony

patotohanan, patunayan

patotohanan, patunayan

Ex: The manager attested to the employee 's punctuality .**Pinatunayan** ng manager ang pagiging nasa oras ng empleyado.
barrister
[Pangngalan]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado, manananggol

abogado, manananggol

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .Bilang isang **abogado**, kilala siya sa kanyang matalas na isipang legal at matatas na mga presentasyon sa korte.
codicil
[Pangngalan]

a legal document added to a will that changes, explains, or adds to its original terms

kodicil, karagdagan sa testamento

kodicil, karagdagan sa testamento

Ex: He signed a codicil leaving part of his estate to charity .Pumirma siya ng isang **kodicil** na nag-iiwan ng bahagi ng kanyang estate sa charity.
complicity
[Pangngalan]

the act of participating in a crime or wrongdoing along with another person or group

pagkakasabwat, pakikipagsabwatan

pagkakasabwat, pakikipagsabwatan

Ex: The investigation uncovered the complicity of several officials in the bribery scandal .Ang imbestigasyon ay naglantad ng **komplidad** ng ilang opisyal sa eskandalong pagsuhol.
concordat
[Pangngalan]

a formal agreement, particularly one between a certain country and the Roman Catholic Church

kasunduan, kontrata

kasunduan, kontrata

Ex: The concordat between the nation and the Catholic Church was finalized after lengthy discussions .Ang **kasunduan** sa pagitan ng bansa at ng Simbahang Katoliko ay nai-finalize pagkatapos ng mahabang talakayan.
to exculpate
[Pandiwa]

to clear someone's name of accusations and prove their innocence

pawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

pawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

Ex: He was exculpated by the new witness testimony that disproved the allegations .Siya ay **hinabsan** ng bagong testimonya na nagpabula sa mga paratang.
litigation
[Pangngalan]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

paglilitis, proseso sa korte

paglilitis, proseso sa korte

precept
[Pangngalan]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

alituntunin, gabay na prinsipyo

alituntunin, gabay na prinsipyo

Ex: The legal precept " Innocent until proven guilty " reflects a foundational principle in many justice systems , emphasizing the presumption of innocence .Ang legal na **alituntunin** na "Inosente hangga't napatunayang nagkasala" ay sumasalamin sa isang pangunahing prinsipyo sa maraming sistema ng hustisya, na binibigyang-diin ang pagpapalagay ng kawalang-sala.
to exonerate
[Pandiwa]

to clear someone from blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing or crime, often through evidence

pawalang-sala, absuwelto

pawalang-sala, absuwelto

Ex: She frequently exonerates employees based on verifiable evidence .Madalas niyang **pawalang-sala** ang mga empleyado batay sa mapapatunayang ebidensya.
illicit
[pang-uri]

against the law, especially criminal law

ilegal, labag sa batas

ilegal, labag sa batas

Ex: Authorities arrested several suspects involved in an illicit human smuggling operation .Inaresto ng mga awtoridad ang ilang mga suspek na sangkot sa isang **ilegal** na operasyon ng pagpasok ng tao.
impunity
[Pangngalan]

freedom from punishment, harm, or consequences despite wrongdoing

kawalang-parusa, kaligtasan

kawalang-parusa, kaligtasan

malfeasance
[Pangngalan]

an illegal or unjust act committed by a person of high standing

malfeasance, paglabag sa batas

malfeasance, paglabag sa batas

Ex: She was fired after her involvement in malfeasance was exposed .Siya ay tinanggal sa trabaho matapos ang kanyang pagkakasangkot sa **malfeasance** ay nahayag.
to ordain
[Pandiwa]

to officially order something using one's higher authority

mag-utos, magpahayag

mag-utos, magpahayag

Ex: The king will ordain a special ceremony to honor outstanding citizens for their contributions .Ang hari ay **mag-uutos** ng isang espesyal na seremonya upang parangalan ang mga outstanding na mamamayan para sa kanilang mga kontribusyon.
cause celebre
[Parirala]

a controversial legal case, issue, or event that attracts widespread public attention and debate

Ex: The campaign against animal testing became a global cause célèbre.
precedent
[Pangngalan]

a legal principle or rule created by a previous court decision, used as a guide in deciding similar future cases

isang precedent, isang hukuman na nagsilbing batayan

isang precedent, isang hukuman na nagsilbing batayan

Ex: Breaking from established precedent is rare in the judicial system .Ang pag-alis sa itinatag na **precedent** ay bihira sa sistemang panghukuman.
plea bargain
[Pangngalan]

an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for the dismissal of a more serious one

kasunduan sa pag-amin, plea bargain

kasunduan sa pag-amin, plea bargain

Ex: Without a plea bargain, the trial could have lasted for months .Kung walang **kasunduan sa pag-amin**, ang paglilitis ay maaaring tumagal ng buwan.
draconian
[pang-uri]

connected to Draco, the ancient Athenian lawmaker, or to his extremely harsh set of laws

draconian, kaugnay ni Draco

draconian, kaugnay ni Draco

Ex: Scholars debate the fairness of draconian measures in maintaining order .Pinagtatalunan ng mga iskolar ang pagiging patas ng mga hakbang na **mahigpit** sa pagpapanatili ng kaayusan.
to indict
[Pandiwa]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

paratangan, demanda

paratangan, demanda

Ex: The investigators are currently indicting the suspect for money laundering .Ang mga imbestigador ay kasalukuyang **isinasakdal** ang suspek sa paglalaba ng pera.
infraction
[Pangngalan]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

paglabag,  kasalanan

paglabag, kasalanan

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .Ang kumpanya ay may patakaran ng zero-tolerance para sa mga **paglabag** sa code of conduct nito, na nagpapatupad ng mahigpit na parusa para sa mga paglabag.
libel
[Pangngalan]

a written statement in a legal case, outlining the harmful statements made against someone and what they seek from the court

paninirang-puri, libelo

paninirang-puri, libelo

Ex: The plaintiff 's libel detailed how the defamatory statements had harmed their reputation in the community .Ang **libel** ng nagreklamo ay nagdetalyado kung paano nasira ng mga paninirang pahayag ang kanilang reputasyon sa komunidad.
plaintiff
[Pangngalan]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

nagreklamo, demandante

nagreklamo, demandante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Sa panahon ng paglilitis, ang **nagdemanda** ay nagpatotoo tungkol sa epekto ng mga aksyon ng nasasakdal.
venial
[pang-uri]

not grave and thus capable of being pardoned or overlooked

mapapatawad, hindi malala

mapapatawad, hindi malala

Ex: Although the oversight was venial, it still required correction to maintain accuracy .Bagaman ang pagwawalang-bahala ay **mapapatawad**, kailangan pa rin itong itama upang mapanatili ang kawastuhan.
to vindicate
[Pandiwa]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

magpawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

magpawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

Ex: The judge 's ruling vindicated him , confirming his innocence beyond a doubt .Ang pasya ng hukom ay **nagpawalang-sala** sa kanya, na nagpapatunay sa kanyang kawalan ng kasalanan nang walang pag-aalinlangan.
respite
[Pangngalan]

the postponement or cancellation of punishment, especially in a legal context

pagpapaliban, pagkaantala

pagpapaliban, pagkaantala

Ex: The king offered a respite as an act of mercy .Ang hari ay nag-alok ng isang **pahinga** bilang isang gawa ng awa.
affidavit
[Pangngalan]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Ang pagpeke ng impormasyon sa isang **affidavit** ay maaaring magresulta sa malubhang legal na kahihinatnan, kabilang ang mga singil sa pagsisinungaling sa ilalim ng panunumpa.
alimony
[Pangngalan]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

sustento, pension

sustento, pension

Ex: The judge considered various factors in determining the amount of alimony to be paid .Isinaalang-alang ng hukom ang iba't ibang mga kadahilanan sa pagtukoy sa halaga ng **sustento** na dapat bayaran.
acquittal
[Pangngalan]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

pagpapawalang-sala, absolusyon

pagpapawalang-sala, absolusyon

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .Kasunod ng **pagpawalang-sala**, ang nasasakdal ay pinalaya mula sa pagkakakulong at pinayagang ipagpatuloy ang kanyang normal na buhay.
amnesty
[Pangngalan]

an official pardon or release from punishment for a specific offense

amnistiya, patawad

amnistiya, patawad

Ex: The treaty included amnesty clauses for both sides .Kasama sa kasunduan ang mga probisyon ng **amnestiya** para sa magkabilang panig.
arbiter
[Pangngalan]

a person appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue

Ex: The committee appointed an arbiter to settle the conflict between departments .
to arbitrate
[Pandiwa]

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

mag-arbitrate, mamagitan

mag-arbitrate, mamagitan

Ex: The parents asked their older child to arbitrate the argument between their younger siblings .Hiniling ng mga magulang sa kanilang mas nakatatandang anak na **mag-arbitrate** sa away ng kanilang mga nakababatang kapatid.
to arraign
[Pandiwa]

to formally request someone’s presence in court to answer for a serious crime

paratangin, demandahan

paratangin, demandahan

Ex: Authorities arraigned the defendant in front of the judge early this morning .Iniharap ng mga awtoridad ang nasasakdal sa harap ng hukom kaninang umaga nang **pagbintangan**.
to abet
[Pandiwa]

to assist or encourage someone to do something, particularly in committing a wrongdoing or crime

hikayat, tulungan

hikayat, tulungan

Ex: The accomplice abetted the thief in the robbery .Ang kasabwat ay **nag-udyok** sa magnanakaw sa pagnanakaw.
Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
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