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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency) - Asuntos Legales

Aprenda vocabulario avanzado de CPE para asuntos legales, incluyendo leyes, tribunales, derechos, obligaciones, sentencias, disputas, procedimientos legales y conceptos legales formales.

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Cambridge English: CPE (C2 Proficiency)
to attest
to attest
[Verbo]

to establish the truth of something by providing evidence or testimony

atestiguar

atestiguar

Ex: The official seal on the document attests to its authenticity. 

El sello oficial en el documento atestigua su autenticidad.

barrister
barrister
[Sustantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado

abogado

Ex: After completing law school and passing the bar exam, she began her career as a barrister, specializing in criminal law. 

Después de completar la facultad de derecho y aprobar el examen de la abogacía, comenzó su carrera como abogado litigante, especializándose en derecho penal.

codicil
codicil
[Sustantivo]

a legal document added to a will that changes, explains, or adds to its original terms

codicilo, añadido testamentario

codicilo, añadido testamentario

Ex: A codicil was used to change the executor named in the will. 

Se utilizó un codicilo para cambiar el albacea nombrado en el testamento.

complicity
complicity
[Sustantivo]

the act of participating in a crime or wrongdoing along with another person or group

complicidad

complicidad

Ex: The lawyer argued that his client had no complicity in the criminal activities. 

El abogado argumentó que su cliente no tenía complicidad en las actividades criminales.

concordat
concordat
[Sustantivo]

a formal agreement, particularly one between a certain country and the Roman Catholic Church

concordato

concordato

Ex: The government negotiated a new concordat to address issues of religious education. 

El gobierno negoció un nuevo concordato para abordar los problemas de la educación religiosa.

to exculpate

to clear someone's name of accusations and prove their innocence

exculpar

exculpar

Ex: The lawyer presented compelling arguments that exculpated her client from the accusations. 

El abogado presentó argumentos convincentes que exculparon a su cliente de las acusaciones.

litigation
litigation
[Sustantivo]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

litigio

litigio

Ex: They avoided litigation by settling out of court. 

Evitaron el litigio llegando a un acuerdo extrajudicial.

precept
precept
[Sustantivo]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

precepto

precepto

Ex: A common parental precept is "Look both ways before crossing the street," instilling the importance of safety in children. 

Un precepto parental común es "Mira a ambos lados antes de cruzar la calle", inculcando la importancia de la seguridad en los niños.

to exonerate

to clear someone from blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing or crime, often through evidence

exonerar

exonerar

Ex: The diligent efforts of the legal team helped exonerate the innocent person from the crime. 

Los esfuerzos diligentes del equipo legal ayudaron a exonerar a la persona inocente del crimen.

illicit
illicit
[Adjetivo]

against the law, especially criminal law

ilícito

ilícito

Ex: Authorities arrested several suspects involved in an illicit human smuggling operation. 

Las autoridades arrestaron a varios sospechosos involucrados en una operación ilícita de contrabando de personas.

impunity
impunity
[Sustantivo]

freedom from punishment, harm, or consequences despite wrongdoing

impunidad

impunidad

Ex: He broke the rules with impunity, knowing no one would stop him. 

Rompió las reglas con impunidad, sabiendo que nadie lo detendría.

malfeasance
malfeasance
[Sustantivo]

an illegal or unjust act committed by a person of high standing

infracción

infracción

Ex: The judge ruled that the medical director's falsified records amounted to criminal malfeasance. 

El juez dictaminó que los registros falsificados del director médico equivalían a una mala conducta criminal.

to ordain
to ordain
[Verbo]

to officially order something using one's higher authority

ordenar, decretar

ordenar, decretar

Ex: The council ordained the construction of a new bridge to improve transportation in the city. 

El consejo decretó la construcción de un nuevo puente para mejorar el transporte en la ciudad.

cause celebre

a controversial legal case, issue, or event that attracts widespread public attention and debate

Ex: That book was a cause célèbre in literary circles for its bold themes. 
precedent
precedent
[Sustantivo]

a legal principle or rule created by a previous court decision, used as a guide in deciding similar future cases

un precedente, una jurisprudencia

un precedente, una jurisprudencia

Ex: Lawyers cited a precedent from the Supreme Court to support their argument. 
plea bargain
plea bargain
[Sustantivo]

an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for the dismissal of a more serious one

acuerdo de culpabilidad, negociación de declaración

acuerdo de culpabilidad, negociación de declaración

Ex: Lawyers negotiated a plea bargain to settle the case quickly. 

Los abogados negociaron un acuerdo de culpabilidad para resolver el caso rápidamente.

draconian
draconian
[Adjetivo]

connected to Draco, the ancient Athenian lawmaker, or to his extremely harsh set of laws

draconiano, draconio

draconiano, draconio

Ex: The reforms replaced the draconian statutes with more lenient ones. 

Las reformas reemplazaron los estatutos draconianos por otros más indulgentes.

to indict
to indict
[Verbo]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

acusar

acusar

Ex: The district attorney may choose to indict individuals involved in public corruption. 

El fiscal de distrito puede optar por acusar a las personas involucradas en corrupción pública.

infraction
infraction
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infracción

infracción

Ex: Students caught cheating on exams face consequences ranging from a warning to expulsion, depending on the severity of the infraction. 

Los estudiantes sorprendidos haciendo trampa en los exámenes enfrentan consecuencias que van desde una advertencia hasta la expulsión, dependiendo de la gravedad de la infracción.

libel
libel
[Sustantivo]

a written statement in a legal case, outlining the harmful statements made against someone and what they seek from the court

difamación, calumnia

difamación, calumnia

Ex: The lawyer meticulously drafted the libel to clearly outline the instances of defamation and their impact on the plaintiff's professional standing. 

El abogado redactó meticulosamente el libelo para delinear claramente los casos de difamación y su impacto en la posición profesional del demandante.

plaintiff
plaintiff
[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

demandante

Ex: After filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff waited anxiously for the court date. 
venial
venial
[Adjetivo]

not grave and thus capable of being pardoned or overlooked

venial

venial

Ex: The teacher treated the student's small lapse as venial and forgave it quickly. 

El profesor trató el pequeño lapsus del estudiante como venial y lo perdonó rápidamente.

to vindicate

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

vindicar

vindicar

Ex: After years of allegations, the results of the inquiry finally vindicated her actions. 

Después de años de acusaciones, los resultados de la investigación finalmente vindicaron sus acciones.

respite
respite
[Sustantivo]

the postponement or cancellation of punishment, especially in a legal context

suspensión, aplazamiento

suspensión, aplazamiento

Ex: The court allowed a respite of thirty days before sentencing. 

El tribunal permitió un respiro de treinta días antes de la sentencia.

affidavit
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Before submitting the document to the court, the attorney carefully reviewed the affidavit to ensure its accuracy and completeness. 

Antes de presentar el documento ante el tribunal, el abogado revisó cuidadosamente el affidavit para garantizar su precisión e integridad.

alimony
alimony
[Sustantivo]

the money that is demanded by the court to be paid to an ex-spouse or ex-partner

pensión alimenticia

pensión alimenticia

Ex: The terms of the divorce settlement included provisions for alimony and child support. 

Los términos del acuerdo de divorcio incluían disposiciones para pensión alimenticia y manutención infantil.

acquittal
acquittal
[Sustantivo]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

absolución, exculpación

absolución, exculpación

Ex: The defense attorney argued persuasively, leading to the acquittal of their client despite the prosecution's case. 

El abogado defensor argumentó de manera persuasiva, lo que llevó a la absolución de su cliente a pesar del caso de la fiscalía.

amnesty
amnesty
[Sustantivo]

an official pardon or release from punishment for a specific offense

amnistía, indulto

amnistía, indulto

Ex: Amnesty was given to those who confessed their crimes. 
arbiter
arbiter
[Sustantivo]

a person appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue

árbitro

árbitro

Ex: An independent arbiter was brought in to resolve the contract disagreement. 

Se trajo a un árbitro independiente para resolver el desacuerdo contractual.

to arbitrate

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrar

arbitrar

Ex: The HR manager was called upon to arbitrate the dispute between two employees. 

El gerente de recursos humanos fue llamado para arbitrar la disputa entre dos empleados.

to arraign
to arraign
[Verbo]

to formally request someone’s presence in court to answer for a serious crime

procesar

procesar

Ex: The court will arraign her next week for her alleged involvement in the scheme. 

El tribunal la acusará formalmente la próxima semana por su presunta participación en el esquema.

to abet
to abet
[Verbo]

to assist or encourage someone to do something, particularly in committing a wrongdoing or crime

ser cómplice de

ser cómplice de

Ex: The accomplice abetted the thief in the robbery. 

El cómplice instigó al ladrón en el robo.

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