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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Conditions Physiques et Blessures

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur les conditions physiques et les blessures, tels que "douloureux", "crise", "ulcère", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

anormalité, anomalie, déformation

anormalité, anomalie, déformation

blister
[nom]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampoule, cloque

ampoule, cloque

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .Dans les cas graves, les grosses **ampoules** ou celles qui sont infectées peuvent nécessiter une attention médicale pour éviter des complications et favoriser la guérison.
sore
[nom]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

lésion, plaie

lésion, plaie

malady
[nom]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

maladie

maladie

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .Le village médiéval était ravagé par une **maladie** qui se propageait rapidement, provoquant une maladie généralisée et la mort.

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritation

irritation

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

affliction

affliction

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**L'affliction** des migraines a rendu difficile pour elle de se concentrer et a perturbé sa routine quotidienne.
episode
[nom]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

crise, occasion, évènement

crise, occasion, évènement

ailment
[nom]

an illness, often a minor one

affection, maladie

affection, maladie

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .La clinique propose un traitement pour une large gamme de **maladies**, des allergies aux affections chroniques.

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

commotion cérébrale

commotion cérébrale

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .Le médecin a ordonné un scanner cérébral pour évaluer la gravité de la **commotion cérébrale** et écarter toute complication potentielle.
spasm
[nom]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

spasme

spasme

seizure
[nom]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

crise

crise

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle a seizure episode at home .La famille a reçu des instructions sur la façon de gérer un épisode de **crise** à la maison.
rupture
[nom]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

rupture

rupture

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a lung rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .Des quintes de toux sévères peuvent entraîner une **rupture** pulmonaire, provoquant des difficultés respiratoires.
malaise
[nom]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malaise

malaise

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .Après s'être remis de la grippe, il a ressenti un **malaise** persistant, ce qui a rendu difficile son retour à sa routine normale.
trauma
[nom]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

traumatisme

traumatisme

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma.Les victimes de violence domestique souffrent souvent à la fois de **traumatismes** physiques et émotionnels.

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

paralysie

paralysie

cramp
[nom]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

crampe

crampe

Ex: The cramp in his hand made it hard to hold the pen .

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

fausse couche

fausse couche

ulcer
[nom]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

ulcère

ulcère

Ex: The endoscopy revealed an ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .L'endoscopie a révélé un **ulcère** dans la muqueuse de son œsophage, ce qui expliquait la sensation de brûlure persistante qu'il ressentait.
cyst
[nom]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cyst

cyst

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

constipation

constipation

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrhée

diarrhée

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrhée** chronique peut indiquer des problèmes de santé sous-jacents et nécessite une évaluation médicale pour un diagnostic et une prise en charge appropriés.
benign
[Adjectif]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

bénin

bénin

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .Le vétérinaire a informé le propriétaire de l'animal que la bosse sur la patte de leur chien était **bénigne** et ne nécessitait pas de chirurgie.
malignant
[Adjectif]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

malin

malin

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .L'oncologue a recommandé une combinaison de chimiothérapie et de radiothérapie pour combattre la maladie **maligne**.
chronic
[Adjectif]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronique

chronique

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Les migraines **chroniques** de Sarah durent souvent pendant des jours, malgré l'essai de différents médicaments.
cancerous
[Adjectif]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

cancéreux

cancéreux

Ex: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor diet can increase the risk of developing cancerous conditions .Les facteurs de mode de vie tels que le tabagisme et une mauvaise alimentation peuvent augmenter le risque de développer des affections **cancéreuses**.
contagious
[Adjectif]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

contagieux

contagieux

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of a contagious virus in the community .Des mesures de quarantaine ont été mises en œuvre pour contenir l'épidémie d'un virus **contagieux** dans la communauté.
hereditary
[Adjectif]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

héréditaire

héréditaire

Ex: The genetic counselor highlighted the hereditary patterns in the family's health history.Le conseiller en génétique a souligné les modèles **héréditaires** dans les antécédents de santé de la famille.
congenital
[Adjectif]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

congénital

congénital

Ex: Tom 's congenital hearing loss was detected shortly after birth during a newborn screening .La perte auditive **congénitale** de Tom a été détectée peu après la naissance lors d'un dépistage néonatal.
septic
[Adjectif]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

septique

septique

Ex: He had to undergo surgery to address the septic infection in his leg .Il a dû subir une intervention chirurgicale pour traiter l'infection **septique** dans sa jambe.
terminal
[Adjectif]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

en phase terminale

en phase terminale

Ex: Emily 's grandfather 's terminal condition made it difficult for him to perform even simple daily tasks .La condition **terminale** du grand-père d'Emily lui rendait difficile d'accomplir même les tâches quotidiennes les plus simples.
pathological
[Adjectif]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

pathologique

pathologique

Ex: The pathological findings confirmed the presence of a rare genetic disorder .Les résultats **pathologiques** ont confirmé la présence d'une maladie génétique rare.
diabetic
[Adjectif]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabétique

diabétique

Ex: Diabetic individuals should be vigilant about foot care to prevent complications like ulcers and infections .Les individus **diabétiques** doivent être vigilants quant aux soins des pieds pour prévenir des complications comme les ulcères et les infections.
comatose
[Adjectif]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

comateux

comateux

Ex: The novel described a character who was comatose after a severe head injury.Le roman décrivait un personnage qui était **dans le coma** après une grave blessure à la tête.

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

aggraver

aggraver

Ex: It aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .Cela a **aggravé** la blessure lorsque les soins appropriés n'ont pas été pris.

to recover from a disease or injury

récupérer

récupérer

Ex: The athlete underwent intensive physical therapy to help him recuperate from his sports injury and return to competition .L'athlète a subi une thérapie physique intensive pour l'aider à **récupérer** de sa blessure sportive et à retourner à la compétition.

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

rémission

rémission

Ex: He celebrated his fifth year in remission from leukemia , grateful for the advances in treatment that made his recovery possible .Il a célébré sa cinquième année en **rémission** de la leucémie, reconnaissant pour les avancées dans le traitement qui ont rendu sa guérison possible.

any organism that can cause diseases

agent pathogène

agent pathogène

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .L'**agent pathogène** responsable du paludisme est transmis à l'homme par la piqûre d'un moustique infecté.

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

to sustain
[verbe]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

subir

subir

Ex: She sustained a back injury after lifting the heavy box .Elle a **subi** une blessure au dos après avoir soulevé la lourde boîte.
to succumb
[verbe]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

succomber

succomber

Ex: The patient eventually succumbed to the severe illness despite the treatment .Le patient a finalement **succombé** à la maladie grave malgré le traitement.
Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL
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