Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Condiciones Físicas y Lesiones

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

anormalidad, anomalía

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampolla

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

llaga, úlcera

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

enfermedad, mal

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritación

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

aflicción

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

episodio, ataque

an illness, often a minor one

enfermedad, dolencia

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

conmoción cerebral

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

espasmo

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

ataque, convulsión

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

ruptura, hernia

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malestar

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

traumatismo, trauma

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

parálisis

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

calambre, rampa

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

aborto espontáneo, aborto natural

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

úlcera, llaga

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

quiste

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

estreñimiento

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

crónico

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

canceroso

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

contagioso

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

hereditario

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

congénito

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

séptico

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminal

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patológico

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabético

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

comatoso

to make a disease or medical condition worse or more serious

agravar

to recover from a disease or injury

recuperarse

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remisión

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

sufrir, recibir

to die as a result of a disease or injury

morir, sucumbir