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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Condiciones Físicas y Lesiones

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre condiciones físicas y lesiones, como "sore", "seizure", "ulcer", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
abnormality
[Sustantivo]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

anormalidad, anomalía

anormalidad, anomalía

blister
blister
[Sustantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampolla

ampolla

Ex: Common causes of blisters include wearing ill-fitting shoes, repetitive friction from tools or sports equipment, or exposure to heat. 

Las causas comunes de las ampollas incluyen el uso de zapatos que no ajustan bien, la fricción repetitiva de herramientas o equipos deportivos, o la exposición al calor.

sore
sore
[Sustantivo]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

llaga, úlcera

llaga, úlcera

malady
malady
[Sustantivo]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

enfermedad, mal

enfermedad, mal

Ex: The doctor diagnosed her with a mysterious malady that caused chronic fatigue and muscle weakness. 

El médico la diagnosticó con una enfermedad misteriosa que causaba fatiga crónica y debilidad muscular.

irritation
irritation
[Sustantivo]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritación

irritación

affliction
affliction
[Sustantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

aflicción

aflicción

Ex: Chronic back pain was his most debilitating affliction, affecting his ability to work and enjoy daily activities. 

El dolor crónico de espalda era su aflicción más debilitante, afectando su capacidad para trabajar y disfrutar de las actividades diarias.

episode
episode
[Sustantivo]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

episodio, ataque

episodio, ataque

ailment
ailment
[Sustantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

enfermedad, dolencia

enfermedad, dolencia

Ex: The elderly often suffer from various age-related ailments such as arthritis. 

Las personas mayores a menudo sufren de diversos padecimientos relacionados con la edad, como la artritis.

concussion
concussion
[Sustantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

conmoción cerebral

conmoción cerebral

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 

El paciente presentó síntomas de una conmoción cerebral, incluyendo mareos, confusión y sensibilidad a la luz, después de un accidente automovilístico.

spasm
spasm
[Sustantivo]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

espasmo

espasmo

seizure
seizure
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

ataque, convulsión

ataque, convulsión

Ex: Witnessing her friend's seizure was terrifying, but she knew what to do and called for help immediately. 

Presenciar la crisis de su amiga fue aterrador, pero ella supo qué hacer y llamó a ayuda de inmediato.

rupture
rupture
[Sustantivo]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

ruptura, hernia

ruptura, hernia

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a lung rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing. 

Los ataques de tos severos pueden provocar una ruptura pulmonar, lo que resulta en dificultad para respirar.

malaise
malaise
[Sustantivo]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malestar

malestar

Ex: She felt a general sense of malaise, with fatigue and a lack of energy persisting for several days. 

Ella sentía una sensación general de malestar, con fatiga y falta de energía que persistían durante varios días.

trauma
trauma
[Sustantivo]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

traumatismo, trauma

traumatismo, trauma

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma. 

Las víctimas de violencia doméstica a menudo sufren de trauma tanto físico como emocional.

paralysis
paralysis
[Sustantivo]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

parálisis

parálisis

cramp
cramp
[Sustantivo]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

calambre, rampa

calambre, rampa

Ex: She massaged her foot to relieve the cramp. 

Ella se masajeó el pie para aliviar el calambre.

miscarriage
miscarriage
[Sustantivo]

the loss of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive outside the womb

aborto espontáneo, aborto natural

aborto espontáneo, aborto natural

Ex: Families often need emotional support after a miscarriage. 

Las familias a menudo necesitan apoyo emocional después de un aborto espontáneo.

ulcer
ulcer
[Sustantivo]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

úlcera, llaga

úlcera, llaga

Ex: The open ulcer on his leg required regular cleaning and dressing to prevent infection and promote healing. 

La úlcera abierta en su pierna requería limpieza y vendaje regulares para prevenir infecciones y promover la curación.

cyst
cyst
[Sustantivo]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

quiste

quiste

constipation
constipation
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

estreñimiento

estreñimiento

diarrhea
diarrhea
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 

La diarrea crónica puede indicar afecciones subyacentes como el síndrome del intestino irritable (SII) o la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).

benign
benign
[Adjetivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: Despite experiencing symptoms, the tests revealed that his condition was benign and temporary. 

A pesar de experimentar síntomas, las pruebas revelaron que su condición era benigna y temporal.

malignant
malignant
[Adjetivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease. 

El oncólogo recomendó una combinación de quimioterapia y radiación para combatir la enfermedad maligna.

chronic
chronic
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

crónico

crónico

Ex: Tom's chronic arthritis makes it challenging for him to move around comfortably. 

La artritis crónica de Tom hace que sea un desafío para él moverse cómodamente.

cancerous
cancerous
[Adjetivo]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

canceroso

canceroso

Ex: Early detection of cancerous lesions can significantly improve treatment outcomes. 

La detección temprana de lesiones cancerosas puede mejorar significativamente los resultados del tratamiento.

contagious
contagious
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

contagioso

contagioso

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious disease that can spread rapidly among unvaccinated populations. 

El sarampión es una enfermedad contagiosa que puede propagarse rápidamente entre poblaciones no vacunadas.

hereditary
hereditary
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

hereditario

hereditario

Ex: They were aware of the hereditary risk of diabetes in their family. 

Eran conscientes del riesgo hereditario de diabetes en su familia.

congenital
congenital
[Adjetivo]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

congénito

congénito

Ex: David's congenital disorder affected the formation of his facial bones, resulting in a cleft palate. 

El trastorno congénito de David afectó la formación de sus huesos faciales, lo que resultó en un paladar hendido.

septic
septic
[Adjetivo]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

séptico

séptico

Ex: A septic finger can cause significant health issues if not treated promptly. 

Un dedo séptico puede causar problemas de salud significativos si no se trata rápidamente.

terminal
terminal
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminal

terminal

Ex: Tim's father was in the final stages of his terminal illness, and the family gathered to say their goodbyes. 

El padre de Tim estaba en las etapas finales de su enfermedad terminal, y la familia se reunió para despedirse.

pathological
pathological
[Adjetivo]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patológico

patológico

Ex: The medical team conducted a pathological study of the patient's blood to diagnose the infection. 

El equipo médico realizó un estudio patológico de la sangre del paciente para diagnosticar la infección.

diabetic
diabetic
[Adjetivo]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabético

diabético

Ex: Diabetic individuals need to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly to manage their condition effectively. 

Las personas diabéticas necesitan monitorear sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre regularmente para manejar su condición de manera efectiva.

comatose
comatose
[Adjetivo]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

comatoso

comatoso

Ex: Her comatose condition required constant monitoring in the ICU. 

Su condición comatosa requería un monitoreo constante en la UCI.

to aggravate

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

agravar

agravar

Ex: Skipping physical therapy sessions may aggravate a recovering injury. 

Saltarse las sesiones de fisioterapia puede agravar una lesión en recuperación.

to recuperate

to recover from a disease or injury

recuperarse

recuperarse

Ex: It took him several weeks to recuperate fully from the flu and regain his strength. 

Le tomó varias semanas recuperarse completamente de la gripe y recuperar su fuerza.

remission
remission
[Sustantivo]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remisión

remisión

Ex: During remission, it's crucial for patients to continue regular check-ups to monitor for any signs of the condition returning. 

Durante la remisión, es crucial que los pacientes continúen con los controles regulares para monitorear cualquier signo de que la condición regrese.

pathogen
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: The researchers identified a new viral pathogen that was causing the outbreak of respiratory illness in the community. 

Los investigadores identificaron un nuevo patógeno viral que estaba causando el brote de enfermedad respiratoria en la comunidad.

inflammation
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

to sustain
to sustain
[Verbo]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

sufrir, recibir

sufrir, recibir

Ex: The soldiers sustained heavy losses during the battle. 

Los soldados sufrieron grandes pérdidas durante la batalla.

to succumb
to succumb
[Verbo]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

morir, sucumbir

morir, sucumbir

Ex: Despite the best efforts of the medical team, he succumbed to the virus. 

A pesar de los mejores esfuerzos del equipo médico, sucumbió al virus.

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