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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Condiciones Físicas y Lesiones

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre condiciones físicas y lesiones, como "sore", "seizure", "ulcer", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
abnormality
[Sustantivo]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

anormalidad, anomalía

anormalidad, anomalía

blister
blister
[Sustantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampolla

ampolla

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .En casos graves, las **ampollas** grandes o infectadas pueden requerir atención médica para prevenir complicaciones y promover la curación.
sore
sore
[Sustantivo]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

llaga, úlcera

llaga, úlcera

malady
malady
[Sustantivo]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

enfermedad, mal

enfermedad, mal

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .El pueblo medieval fue azotado por una **enfermedad** que se propagó rápidamente, causando una enfermedad generalizada y muerte.
irritation
irritation
[Sustantivo]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritación

irritación

affliction
affliction
[Sustantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

aflicción

aflicción

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**La aflicción** de las migrañas le dificultó concentrarse y alteró su rutina diaria.
episode
episode
[Sustantivo]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

episodio, ataque

episodio, ataque

ailment
ailment
[Sustantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

enfermedad, dolencia

enfermedad, dolencia

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .La clínica ofrece tratamiento para una amplia gama de **dolencias**, desde alergias hasta afecciones crónicas.
concussion
concussion
[Sustantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

conmoción cerebral

conmoción cerebral

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .El médico ordenó un escáner cerebral para evaluar la gravedad de la **conmoción cerebral** y descartar cualquier complicación potencial.
spasm
spasm
[Sustantivo]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

espasmo

espasmo

seizure
seizure
[Sustantivo]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

ataque, convulsión

ataque, convulsión

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle a seizure episode at home .A la familia se le dieron instrucciones sobre cómo manejar un episodio de **convulsión** en casa.
rupture
rupture
[Sustantivo]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

ruptura, hernia

ruptura, hernia

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a lung rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .Los ataques de tos severos pueden provocar una **ruptura** pulmonar, lo que resulta en dificultad para respirar.
malaise
malaise
[Sustantivo]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malestar

malestar

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .Después de recuperarse de la gripe, experimentó un **malestar** persistente, lo que le dificultó volver a su rutina normal.
trauma
trauma
[Sustantivo]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

traumatismo, trauma

traumatismo, trauma

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma.Las víctimas de violencia doméstica a menudo sufren de **trauma** tanto físico como emocional.
paralysis
paralysis
[Sustantivo]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

parálisis

parálisis

cramp
cramp
[Sustantivo]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

calambre, rampa

calambre, rampa

Ex: The cramp in his hand made it hard to hold the pen .El **calambre** en su mano hacía difícil sostener el bolígrafo.
miscarriage
miscarriage
[Sustantivo]

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

aborto espontáneo, aborto natural

aborto espontáneo, aborto natural

ulcer
ulcer
[Sustantivo]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

úlcera, llaga

úlcera, llaga

Ex: The endoscopy revealed an ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .La endoscopia reveló una **úlcera** en el revestimiento de su esófago, lo que explicaba la sensación de ardor persistente que sentía.
cyst
cyst
[Sustantivo]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

quiste

quiste

constipation
constipation
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

estreñimiento

estreñimiento

diarrhea
diarrhea
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrea** crónica puede indicar condiciones de salud subyacentes y requiere evaluación médica para un diagnóstico y manejo adecuados.
benign
benign
[Adjetivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .El veterinario informó al dueño de la mascota que el bulto en la pata de su perro era **benigno** y no requería cirugía.
malignant
malignant
[Adjetivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .El oncólogo recomendó una combinación de quimioterapia y radiación para combatir la enfermedad **maligna**.
chronic
chronic
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

crónico

crónico

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Los dolores de cabeza por migraña **crónica** de Sarah a menudo duran días, a pesar de probar diferentes medicamentos.
cancerous
cancerous
[Adjetivo]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

canceroso

canceroso

Ex: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor diet can increase the risk of developing cancerous conditions .Los factores del estilo de vida como fumar y una dieta pobre pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar condiciones **cancerosas**.
contagious
contagious
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

contagioso

contagioso

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of a contagious virus in the community .Se implementaron medidas de cuarentena para contener el brote de un virus **contagioso** en la comunidad.
hereditary
hereditary
[Adjetivo]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

hereditario

hereditario

Ex: The genetic counselor highlighted the hereditary patterns in the family's health history.El asesor genético destacó los patrones **hereditarios** en el historial de salud de la familia.
congenital
congenital
[Adjetivo]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

congénito

congénito

Ex: Tom 's congenital hearing loss was detected shortly after birth during a newborn screening .La pérdida auditiva **congénita** de Tom fue detectada poco después del nacimiento durante un examen de recién nacido.
septic
septic
[Adjetivo]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

séptico

séptico

Ex: He had to undergo surgery to address the septic infection in his leg .Tuvo que someterse a una cirugía para tratar la infección **séptica** en su pierna.
terminal
terminal
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminal

terminal

Ex: Emily 's grandfather 's terminal condition made it difficult for him to perform even simple daily tasks .La condición **terminal** del abuelo de Emily hacía que le resultara difícil realizar incluso las tareas diarias más simples.
pathological
pathological
[Adjetivo]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patológico

patológico

Ex: The pathological findings confirmed the presence of a rare genetic disorder .Los hallazgos **patológicos** confirmaron la presencia de un trastorno genético raro.
diabetic
diabetic
[Adjetivo]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabético

diabético

Ex: Diabetic individuals should be vigilant about foot care to prevent complications like ulcers and infections .Las personas **diabéticas** deben ser vigilantes con el cuidado de los pies para prevenir complicaciones como úlceras e infecciones.
comatose
comatose
[Adjetivo]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

comatoso

comatoso

Ex: The novel described a character who was comatose after a severe head injury.La novela describía a un personaje que estaba **en coma** después de una grave lesión en la cabeza.
to aggravate

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

agravar

agravar

Ex: It aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .**Agravó** la lesión cuando no se tomó el cuidado adecuado.
to recuperate

to recover from a disease or injury

recuperarse

recuperarse

Ex: The athlete underwent intensive physical therapy to help him recuperate from his sports injury and return to competition .El atleta se sometió a una terapia física intensiva para ayudarlo a **recuperarse** de su lesión deportiva y volver a la competencia.
remission
remission
[Sustantivo]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remisión

remisión

Ex: He celebrated his fifth year in remission from leukemia , grateful for the advances in treatment that made his recovery possible .
pathogen
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .El **patógeno** responsable de la malaria se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de un mosquito infectado.
inflammation
inflammation
[Sustantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflamación

inflamación

to sustain
to sustain
[Verbo]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

sufrir, recibir

sufrir, recibir

Ex: She sustained a back injury after lifting the heavy box .Ella **sufrió** una lesión en la espalda después de levantar la caja pesada.
to succumb
to succumb
[Verbo]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

morir, sucumbir

morir, sucumbir

Ex: The patient eventually succumbed to the severe illness despite the treatment .El paciente finalmente **sucumbió** a la enfermedad grave a pesar del tratamiento.
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