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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Condizioni fisiche e lesioni

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulle condizioni fisiche e le lesioni, come "dolorante", "crisi", "ulcera", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
[sostantivo]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

anormalità

anormalità

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blister
[sostantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

vescica

vescica

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .Nei casi gravi, le **vescicole** grandi o infette possono richiedere attenzione medica per prevenire complicazioni e favorire la guarigione.
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sore
[sostantivo]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

irritato

irritato

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malady
[sostantivo]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

malattia

malattia

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .Il villaggio medievale era afflitto da una **malattia** che si diffuse rapidamente, causando malattia diffusa e morte.
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irritation
[sostantivo]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritazione

irritazione

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affliction
[sostantivo]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

afflizione

afflizione

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .**L'afflizione** delle emicranie le ha reso difficile concentrarsi e ha sconvolto la sua routine quotidiana.
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episode
[sostantivo]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

episodio

episodio

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ailment
[sostantivo]

an illness, often a minor one

malattia non grave, indisposizione

malattia non grave, indisposizione

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range of ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .La clinica offre trattamenti per una vasta gamma di **malattie**, dalle allergie alle condizioni croniche.
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concussion
[sostantivo]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

commozione cerebrale

commozione cerebrale

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .Il medico ha ordinato una scansione cerebrale per valutare la gravità della **commozione cerebrale** ed escludere eventuali complicazioni potenziali.
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spasm
[sostantivo]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

spasmo

spasmo

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seizure
[sostantivo]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

confisca

confisca

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle a seizure episode at home .Alla famiglia sono state date istruzioni su come gestire un episodio di **crisi** a casa.
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rupture
[sostantivo]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

rottura

rottura

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a lung rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .Gravi attacchi di tosse possono portare a una **rottura** polmonare, con conseguente difficoltà respiratoria.
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malaise
[sostantivo]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malessere

malessere

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .Dopo essersi ripreso dall'influenza, ha sperimentato un **malessere** persistente, rendendo difficile il ritorno alla sua routine normale.
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trauma
[sostantivo]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

trauma

trauma

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma.Le vittime di violenza domestica spesso soffrono di **trauma** sia fisico che emotivo.
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paralysis
[sostantivo]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

paralisi

paralisi

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cramp
[sostantivo]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

crampo

crampo

Ex: The cramp in his hand made it hard to hold the pen .
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miscarriage
[sostantivo]

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

aborto

aborto

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ulcer
[sostantivo]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

ulcera

ulcera

Ex: The endoscopy revealed an ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .L'endoscopia ha rivelato un **ulcera** nel rivestimento del suo esofago, il che spiegava la sensazione di bruciore persistente che provava.
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cyst
[sostantivo]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cisti

cisti

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constipation
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

stitichezza

stitichezza

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diarrhea
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrea

diarrea

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrea** cronica può indicare condizioni di salute sottostanti e richiede una valutazione medica per una diagnosi e una gestione adeguate.
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benign
[aggettivo]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

benigno

benigno

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw was benign and did not require surgery .Il veterinario ha informato il proprietario dell'animale che il nodulo sulla zampa del loro cane era **benigno** e non richiedeva un intervento chirurgico.
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malignant
[aggettivo]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligno

maligno

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat the malignant disease .L'oncologo ha raccomandato una combinazione di chemioterapia e radioterapia per combattere la malattia **maligna**.
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chronic
[aggettivo]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

cronico

cronico

Ex: Sarah 's chronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .Le emicranie **croniche** di Sarah spesso durano per giorni, nonostante provi diversi farmaci.
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cancerous
[aggettivo]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

canceroso

canceroso

Ex: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor diet can increase the risk of developing cancerous conditions .Fattori dello stile di vita come il fumo e una dieta povera possono aumentare il rischio di sviluppare condizioni **cancerose**.
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contagious
[aggettivo]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

contagioso

contagioso

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of a contagious virus in the community .Sono state implementate misure di quarantena per contenere lo scoppio di un virus **contagioso** nella comunità.
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hereditary
[aggettivo]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

ereditario

ereditario

Ex: The genetic counselor highlighted the hereditary patterns in the family's health history.Il consulente genetico ha evidenziato i modelli **ereditari** nella storia della salute della famiglia.
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congenital
[aggettivo]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

congenito

congenito

Ex: Tom 's congenital hearing loss was detected shortly after birth during a newborn screening .La perdita uditiva **congenita** di Tom è stata rilevata poco dopo la nascita durante uno screening neonatale.
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septic
[aggettivo]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

settico

settico

Ex: He had to undergo surgery to address the septic infection in his leg .Dovette sottoporsi a un intervento chirurgico per curare l'infezione **settica** alla gamba.
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terminal
[aggettivo]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminale

terminale

Ex: Emily 's grandfather 's terminal condition made it difficult for him to perform even simple daily tasks .La condizione **terminale** del nonno di Emily gli rendeva difficile svolgere anche i compiti quotidiani più semplici.
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pathological
[aggettivo]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patologico

patologico

Ex: The pathological findings confirmed the presence of a rare genetic disorder .I reperti **patologici** hanno confermato la presenza di un raro disturbo genetico.
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diabetic
[aggettivo]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabetico

diabetico

Ex: Diabetic individuals should be vigilant about foot care to prevent complications like ulcers and infections .Gli individui **diabetici** dovrebbero essere vigili nella cura dei piedi per prevenire complicazioni come ulcere e infezioni.
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comatose
[aggettivo]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

comatoso

comatoso

Ex: The novel described a character who was comatose after a severe head injury.Il romanzo descriveva un personaggio che era **in coma** dopo un grave trauma cranico.
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to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

aggravare

aggravare

Ex: It aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .Ha **aggravato** il ferimento quando non è stata prestata la dovuta cura.
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to recover from a disease or injury

recuperare

recuperare

Ex: The athlete underwent intensive physical therapy to help him recuperate from his sports injury and return to competition .L'atleta ha subito una terapia fisica intensiva per aiutarlo a **riprendersi** dal suo infortunio sportivo e tornare alla competizione.
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remission
[sostantivo]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remissione

remissione

Ex: He celebrated his fifth year in remission from leukemia , grateful for the advances in treatment that made his recovery possible .Ha celebrato il suo quinto anno in **remissione** dalla leucemia, grato per i progressi nel trattamento che hanno reso possibile la sua guarigione.
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pathogen
[sostantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogeno

patogeno

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .Il **patogeno** responsabile della malaria viene trasmesso all'uomo attraverso la puntura di una zanzara infetta.
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inflammation
[sostantivo]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

infiammazione

infiammazione

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to sustain
[Verbo]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

soffrire

soffrire

Ex: She sustained a back injury after lifting the heavy box .Ha **subito** un infortunio alla schiena dopo aver sollevato la scatola pesante.
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to succumb
[Verbo]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

soccombere

soccombere

Ex: The patient eventually succumbed to the severe illness despite the treatment .Il paziente alla fine è **soccombuto** alla grave malattia nonostante il trattamento.
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