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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Fyzické stavy a zranění

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o fyzických stavech a zraněních, jako je „bolest“, „záchvat“, „vřed“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
[Podstatné jméno]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

abnormalita, odchylka

abnormalita, odchylka

blister
[Podstatné jméno]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

puchýř, puchýr

puchýř, puchýr

Ex: In severe cases , large or blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .
sore
[Podstatné jméno]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

bolestivý míst, rána

bolestivý míst, rána

malady
[Podstatné jméno]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

choroba, vážná nemoc

choroba, vážná nemoc

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .
irritation
[Podstatné jméno]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

irritace, podráždění

irritace, podráždění

affliction
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

utrpení, trápení

utrpení, trápení

Ex: affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .
episode
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

epizoda, příhoda

epizoda, příhoda

ailment
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness, often a minor one

věc, potíže

věc, potíže

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .
concussion
[Podstatné jméno]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

otřes mozku, zranění hlavy

otřes mozku, zranění hlavy

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of concussion and rule out any potential complications .
spasm
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

spazmus, křeč

spazmus, křeč

seizure
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

záchvat, epileptický záchvat

záchvat, epileptický záchvat

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle seizure episode at home .
rupture
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

prasknutí, ruptura

prasknutí, ruptura

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .
malaise
[Podstatné jméno]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malátnost, neklid

malátnost, neklid

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

trauma, poranění

trauma, poranění

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and trauma.
paralysis
[Podstatné jméno]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

paralýza, ochrnutí

paralýza, ochrnutí

cramp
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

křeč, křečové svaly

křeč, křečové svaly

miscarriage
[Podstatné jméno]

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

potrat, samovolný potrat

potrat, samovolný potrat

ulcer
[Podstatné jméno]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

vřed, vřeď

vřed, vřeď

Ex: The endoscopy revealed ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .
cyst
[Podstatné jméno]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cysta, nádorová cysta

cysta, nádorová cysta

constipation
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

zácpa, obtížné vyprazdňování

zácpa, obtížné vyprazdňování

diarrhea
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

průjmy, průjem

průjmy, průjem

Ex: diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .
benign
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

nezhoubný, benigní

nezhoubný, benigní

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw benign and did not require surgery .
malignant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

maligní, zhoubný

maligní, zhoubný

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat malignant disease .
chronic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronický, dlouhodobý

chronický, dlouhodobý

Ex: Sarahchronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .
cancerous
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

rakovinný, nádorový

rakovinný, nádorový

Ex: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor diet can increase the risk of cancerous conditions .
contagious
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

nákazlivý, přenosný

nákazlivý, přenosný

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of contagious virus in the community .
hereditary
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

dědičný, zděděný

dědičný, zděděný

Ex: The genetic counselor highlighted the hereditary patterns in the family's health history.
congenital
[Přídavné jméno]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

konvenitální, vrozený

konvenitální, vrozený

Ex: Tomcongenital hearing loss was detected shortly after birth during a newborn screening .
septic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

septic, infikovaný

septic, infikovaný

Ex: He had to undergo surgery to address septic infection in his leg .
terminal
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminální, neuzdravitelný

terminální, neuzdravitelný

Ex: Emily 's grandfatherterminal condition made it difficult for him to perform even simple daily tasks .
pathological
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patologický, chorobný

patologický, chorobný

Ex: pathological findings confirmed the presence of a rare genetic disorder .
diabetic
[Přídavné jméno]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabetický, cukrovkový

diabetický, cukrovkový

Ex: Diabetic individuals should be vigilant about foot care to prevent complications like ulcers and infections .
comatose
[Přídavné jméno]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

komatózní, v komatu

komatózní, v komatu

Ex: The novel described a character who was comatose after a severe head injury.
to aggravate
[sloveso]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

Ex: aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .
to recuperate
[sloveso]

to recover from a disease or injury

uzdravit se, regenerovat

uzdravit se, regenerovat

Ex: The athlete underwent intensive physical therapy to help recuperate from his sports injury and return to competition .
remission
[Podstatné jméno]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remise, ústup onemocnění

remise, ústup onemocnění

Ex: He celebrated his fifth year remission from leukemia , grateful for the advances in treatment that made his recovery possible .
pathogen
[Podstatné jméno]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, mikrob

patogen, mikrob

Ex: pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .
inflammation
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

zánět, zánětlivost

zánět, zánětlivost

to sustain
[sloveso]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

utrpět, podstoupit

utrpět, podstoupit

Ex: sustained a back injury after lifting the heavy box .
to succumb
[sloveso]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

podléhat, poddat se

podléhat, poddat se

Ex: The patient eventually succumbed to the severe illness despite the treatment.
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