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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Fyzické Stavy a Zranění

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o fyzických stavech a zraněních, jako je "bolestivý", "záchvat", "vřed" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
abnormality
[Podstatné jméno]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

abnormalita, odchylka

abnormalita, odchylka

blister
blister
[Podstatné jméno]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

puchýř, blistr

puchýř, blistr

Ex: A blister is a small pocket of fluid that forms on the skin, typically caused by friction, burns, or other injuries. 
sore
sore
[Podstatné jméno]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

rána, vřed

rána, vřed

malady
malady
[Podstatné jméno]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

nemoc, onemocnění

nemoc, onemocnění

Ex: Doctors were unable to determine the underlying malady that caused his fatigue and weakness. 
irritation
irritation
[Podstatné jméno]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

podráždění

podráždění

affliction
affliction
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

utrpení, strast

utrpení, strast

Ex: His spiritual beliefs helped him find solace in the face of his terminal illness affliction. 
episode
episode
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

epizoda, krize

epizoda, krize

ailment
ailment
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness, often a minor one

nemoc, potíže

nemoc, potíže

Ex: She visited the doctor to discuss her persistent stomach ailment. 
concussion
concussion
[Podstatné jméno]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

otřes mozku, kontuze mozku

otřes mozku, kontuze mozku

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 
spasm
spasm
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

křeč,  kontrakce

křeč, kontrakce

seizure
seizure
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

záchvat

záchvat

Ex: She experienced a seizure during the night and was rushed to the hospital. 
rupture
rupture
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

prasknutí, natržení

prasknutí, natržení

Ex: A blood vessel rupture can lead to internal bleeding. 
malaise
malaise
[Podstatné jméno]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malátnost

malátnost

Ex: Claire's vague malaise of discomfort and unease prompted several visits to specialists. 
trauma
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

trauma, poranění

trauma, poranění

Ex: Spinal cord injury due to the trauma of a diving accident. 
paralysis
paralysis
[Podstatné jméno]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

ochrnutí

ochrnutí

cramp
cramp
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

křeč, svalová kontrakce

křeč, svalová kontrakce

Ex: He got a cramp in his calf during the marathon and had to stop. 
miscarriage
miscarriage
[Podstatné jméno]

the loss of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive outside the womb

potrat, spontánní potrat

potrat, spontánní potrat

Ex: She experienced a miscarriage early in her pregnancy. 
ulcer
ulcer
[Podstatné jméno]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

vřed, rána

vřed, rána

Ex: The doctor diagnosed her with a peptic ulcer, which was causing severe abdominal pain and discomfort. 
cyst
cyst
[Podstatné jméno]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cysta

cysta

constipation
constipation
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

zácpa, obstipace

zácpa, obstipace

diarrhea
diarrhea
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

průjem, úplavice

průjem, úplavice

Ex: Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools occurring frequently throughout the day. 
benign
benign
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

nezhoubný

nezhoubný

Ex: She received the news that her condition was benign, bringing relief to her and her family. 
malignant
malignant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

zhoubný,  maligní

zhoubný, maligní

Ex: Malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. 
chronic
chronic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

chronický, dlouhodobý

chronický, dlouhodobý

Ex: Mary's chronic asthma requires daily medication to control her symptoms. 
cancerous
cancerous
[Přídavné jméno]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

rakovinný, karcinogenní

rakovinný, karcinogenní

Ex: The doctor discovered a cancerous tumor during the patient's routine examination. 
contagious
contagious
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

nakažlivý

nakažlivý

Ex: COVID-19 is highly contagious, spreading easily among individuals in crowded places. 
hereditary
hereditary
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

dědičný, geneticky přenosný

dědičný, geneticky přenosný

Ex: Hereditary traits, like eye color, are passed down from parents to their children. 
congenital
congenital
[Přídavné jméno]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

vrozený, kongenitální

vrozený, kongenitální

Ex: Mary's congenital condition caused her to be born with an extra finger on each hand. 
septic
septic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

septický, infikovaný

septický, infikovaný

Ex: The doctor treated the patient’s septic wound with antibiotics. 
terminal
terminal
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

terminální, nevyléčitelný

terminální, nevyléčitelný

Ex: Mary's grandmother was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer and was placed in hospice care. 
pathological
pathological
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

patologický, chorobný

patologický, chorobný

Ex: The doctor observed pathological changes in the patient's organs due to the progression of the disease. 
diabetic
diabetic
[Přídavné jméno]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

diabetický

diabetický

Ex: The nurse provided diabetic patients with guidance on insulin administration and blood sugar testing. 
comatose
comatose
[Přídavné jméno]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

v kómatu, kómatózní

v kómatu, kómatózní

Ex: The patient remained comatose for several weeks after the accident. 
to aggravate
to aggravate
[sloveso]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

zhoršit, přiostřit

zhoršit, přiostřit

Ex: Ignoring medication can aggravate the symptoms of a chronic illness. 
to recuperate
to recuperate
[sloveso]

to recover from a disease or injury

zotavit se,  uzdravit se

zotavit se, uzdravit se

Ex: After his surgery, he stayed in the hospital for several days to recuperate before returning home. 
remission
remission
[Podstatné jméno]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

remise

remise

Ex: After several rounds of chemotherapy, the cancer went into remission, and the patient began to regain strength and energy. 
pathogen
pathogen
[Podstatné jméno]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, původce nemoci

patogen, původce nemoci

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
inflammation
inflammation
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

zánět

zánět

to sustain
to sustain
[sloveso]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

podstoupit, snášet

podstoupit, snášet

Ex: The athlete sustained a serious injury during the game. 
to succumb
to succumb
[sloveso]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

podlehnout, zemřít na

podlehnout, zemřít na

Ex: He succumbed to his injuries after the car accident. 
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