abnormality
[noun]
an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene
Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Physical Conditions and Injuries
Here you will learn some English words about physical conditions and injuries, such as "sore", "seizure", "ulcer", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.
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blister
[noun]
a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning
Ex:
Common
causes
of
blisters
include
wearing
ill-fitting
shoes
,
repetitive
friction
from
tools
or
sports equipment
,
or
exposure
to
heat
.
malady
[noun]
any physical problem that might put one's health in danger
Ex:
The
doctor
diagnosed
her
with
a
mysterious
malady
that
caused
chronic
fatigue
and
muscle
weakness
.
irritation
[noun]
a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries
affliction
[noun]
a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition
Ex:
Chronic
back
pain
was
his
most
debilitating
affliction
,
affecting
his
ability
to
work
and
enjoy
daily
activities
.
ailment
[noun]
an illness, often a minor one
Ex:
The
elderly
often
suffer
from
various
age-related
ailments
such as
arthritis
.
concussion
[noun]
a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head
Ex:
The
patient
presented
with
symptoms
of
a
concussion
,
including
dizziness
,
confusion
,
and
sensitivity
to
light
,
after
a
car
accident
.
seizure
[noun]
a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem
Ex:
Witnessing
her
friend
's
seizure
was
terrifying
,
but
she
knew
what
to
do
and
called for
help
immediately
.
rupture
[noun]
a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly
Ex:
Severe
coughing
fits
can
lead
to
a
lung
rupture
,
resulting in
difficulty
breathing
.
malaise
[noun]
a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason
Ex:
She
felt
a
general
sense
of
malaise
,
with
fatigue
and
a
lack
of
energy
persisting
for
several
days
.
trauma
[noun]
damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event
Ex:
Victims
of
domestic violence
often
suffer
from
both
physical
and
emotional
trauma
.
paralysis
[noun]
a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves
cramp
[noun]
a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue
Ex:
She
massaged
her
foot
to
relieve
the
cramp
.
miscarriage
[noun]
the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently
ulcer
[noun]
a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance
Ex:
The
open
ulcer
on
his
leg
required
regular
cleaning
and
dressing
to
prevent
infection
and
promote
healing
.
diarrhea
[noun]
a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently
Ex:
Chronic
diarrhea
may
indicate
underlying
conditions
such as
irritable bowel syndrome
(
IBS
)
or
inflammatory bowel disease
(
IBD
)
.
benign
[adjective]
(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful
Ex:
Despite
experiencing
symptoms
,
the
tests
revealed
that
his
condition
was
benign
and
temporary
.
malignant
[adjective]
(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal
Ex:
The
oncologist
recommended
a
combination
of
chemotherapy
and
radiation
to
combat
the
malignant
disease
.
chronic
[adjective]
(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting
Ex:
Tom
's
chronic
arthritis
makes
it
challenging
for
him
to
move around
comfortably
.
cancerous
[adjective]
related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Ex:
Early
detection
of
cancerous
lesions
can
significantly
improve
treatment
outcomes
.
contagious
[adjective]
(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact
Ex:
hereditary
[adjective]
(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents
Ex:
They
were
aware
of
the
hereditary
risk
of
diabetes
in
their
family
.
septic
[adjective]
(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria
Ex:
A
septic
finger
can
cause
significant
health
issues
if not
treated
promptly
.
terminal
[adjective]
(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death
Ex:
Tim
's
father
was
in
the
final
stages
of
his
terminal
illness
,
and
the
family
gathered
to
say
their
goodbyes
.
pathological
[adjective]
relating to or caused by an illness or disease
Ex:
The
medical
team
conducted
a
pathological
study
of
the
patient
's
blood
to
diagnose
the
infection
.
diabetic
[adjective]
having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels
Ex:
Diabetic
individuals
need
to
monitor
their
blood sugar
levels
regularly
to
manage
their
condition
effectively
.
to aggravate
[verb]
to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious
Ex:
Skipping
physical therapy
sessions
may
aggravate
a
recovering
injury
.
to recuperate
[verb]
to recover from a disease or injury
Ex:
It
took
him
several
weeks
to
recuperate
fully
from
the
flu
and
regain
his
strength
.
remission
[noun]
a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe
Ex:
During
remission
,
it
's
crucial
for
patients
to
continue
regular
check-ups
to
monitor
for
any
signs
of
the
condition
returning
.
pathogen
[noun]
any organism that can cause diseases
Ex:
The
researchers
identified
a
new
viral
pathogen
that
was
causing
the
outbreak
of
respiratory illness
in
the
community
.
inflammation
[noun]
a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury
to sustain
[verb]
to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.
Ex:
The
soldiers
sustained
heavy
losses
during
the
battle
.
to succumb
[verb]
to die as a result of a disease or injury
Ex:
Despite
the
best
efforts
of
the
medical
team
,
he
succumbed
to
the
virus
.