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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Физические заболевания и травмы

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о физических состояниях и травмах, таких как "больной", "припадок", "язва" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
abnormality
[существительное]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

ненормальность

ненормальность

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blister
blister
[существительное]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

волдырь

волдырь

Ex: A blister is a small pocket of fluid that forms on the skin, typically caused by friction, burns, or other injuries. 
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sore
sore
[существительное]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

рана

рана

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malady
malady
[существительное]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

болезнь

болезнь

Ex: Doctors were unable to determine the underlying malady that caused his fatigue and weakness. 
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irritation
irritation
[существительное]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

раздражение

раздражение

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affliction
affliction
[существительное]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

недуг

недуг

Ex: His spiritual beliefs helped him find solace in the face of his terminal illness affliction. 
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episode
episode
[существительное]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

эпизод

эпизод

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ailment
ailment
[существительное]

an illness, often a minor one

заболевание

заболевание

Ex: She visited the doctor to discuss her persistent stomach ailment. 
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concussion
concussion
[существительное]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

сотрясение мозга

сотрясение мозга

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 
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spasm
spasm
[существительное]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

спазм

спазм

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seizure
seizure
[существительное]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

припадок

припадок

Ex: She experienced a seizure during the night and was rushed to the hospital. 
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rupture
rupture
[существительное]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

разрыв

разрыв

Ex: A blood vessel rupture can lead to internal bleeding. 
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malaise
malaise
[существительное]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

недомогание

недомогание

Ex: Claire's vague malaise of discomfort and unease prompted several visits to specialists. 
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trauma
trauma
[существительное]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

травма

травма

Ex: Spinal cord injury due to the trauma of a diving accident. 
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paralysis
paralysis
[существительное]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

паралич

паралич

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cramp
cramp
[существительное]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

судорога, спазм

судорога, спазм

Ex: He got a cramp in his calf during the marathon and had to stop. 
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miscarriage
miscarriage
[существительное]

the loss of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive outside the womb

выкидыш

выкидыш

Ex: She experienced a miscarriage early in her pregnancy. 
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ulcer
ulcer
[существительное]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

язва

язва

Ex: The doctor diagnosed her with a peptic ulcer, which was causing severe abdominal pain and discomfort. 
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cyst
cyst
[существительное]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

киста

киста

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constipation
constipation
[существительное]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

запор

запор

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diarrhea
diarrhea
[существительное]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

понос

понос

Ex: Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools occurring frequently throughout the day. 
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benign
benign
[прилагательное]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

доброкачественный

доброкачественный

Ex: She received the news that her condition was benign, bringing relief to her and her family. 
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malignant
malignant
[прилагательное]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

злокачественный, опухолевый

злокачественный, опухолевый

Ex: Malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. 
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chronic
chronic
[прилагательное]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

хронический

хронический

Ex: Mary's chronic asthma requires daily medication to control her symptoms. 
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cancerous
cancerous
[прилагательное]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

злокачественный, раковый

злокачественный, раковый

Ex: The doctor discovered a cancerous tumor during the patient's routine examination. 
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contagious
contagious
[прилагательное]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

заразный

заразный

Ex: COVID-19 is highly contagious, spreading easily among individuals in crowded places. 
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hereditary
hereditary
[прилагательное]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

наследственный

наследственный

Ex: Hereditary traits, like eye color, are passed down from parents to their children. 
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congenital
congenital
[прилагательное]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

врождённый

врождённый

Ex: Mary's congenital condition caused her to be born with an extra finger on each hand. 
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septic
septic
[прилагательное]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

септический

септический

Ex: The doctor treated the patient’s septic wound with antibiotics. 
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terminal
terminal
[прилагательное]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

неизлечимый

неизлечимый

Ex: Mary's grandmother was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer and was placed in hospice care. 
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pathological
pathological
[прилагательное]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

патологический

патологический

Ex: The doctor observed pathological changes in the patient's organs due to the progression of the disease. 
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diabetic
diabetic
[прилагательное]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

диабетик

диабетик

Ex: The nurse provided diabetic patients with guidance on insulin administration and blood sugar testing. 
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comatose
comatose
[прилагательное]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

коматозный

коматозный

Ex: The patient remained comatose for several weeks after the accident. 
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to aggravate
to aggravate
[глагол]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

усугублять

усугублять

Ex: Ignoring medication can aggravate the symptoms of a chronic illness. 
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to recuperate
to recuperate
[глагол]

to recover from a disease or injury

восстановить силы

восстановить силы

Ex: After his surgery, he stayed in the hospital for several days to recuperate before returning home. 
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remission
remission
[существительное]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

ремиссия

ремиссия

Ex: After several rounds of chemotherapy, the cancer went into remission, and the patient began to regain strength and energy. 
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pathogen
pathogen
[существительное]

any organism that can cause diseases

патоген

патоген

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
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inflammation
inflammation
[существительное]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

воспаление

воспаление

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to sustain
to sustain
[глагол]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

выдерживать

выдерживать

Ex: The athlete sustained a serious injury during the game. 
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to succumb
to succumb
[глагол]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

поддаться

поддаться

Ex: He succumbed to his injuries after the car accident. 
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